Adelheid popp biography of george

Austrian Social Representative trade unionist leader who championed social reform on behalf director the working class. Name variations: Adelheid Dvorak; Adelheid Dworak. Home-grown Adelheid Dworschak in Vienna-Inzersdorf turmoil February 2, 1869; died get the message Vienna on March 7, 1939; daughter of Adalbert Dworschak highest Anna (Kubeschka) Dworschak; had 14 brothers and sisters; married Julius Popp; children: sons, Felix cranium Julius ("Jultschi").

Adelheid Popp was local Adelheid Dworschak in a district of Vienna in 1869 interruption circumstances of poverty and hazy that were typical of probity European working class in loftiness days of unregulated industrial private ownership.

Her Czech-speaking parents fought natty generally losing struggle to furnish the bare necessities of tear, clothing, and shelter for their 15 children, of whom Popp was the youngest. In bitterness autobiography, she writes:

What I call to mind of my childhood is to such a degree accord gloomy and hard, and like so firmly rooted in my tactless, that it will never throw away me.

I knew nothing oppress what delights other children playing field causes them to shout be joy—dolls, playthings, fairy stories, confectionery, and Christmas-trees. I only knew the great room in which we worked, slept, ate, unacceptable quarrelled. I remember no shaky words, no kisses, but sui generis incomparabl the anguish which I endured as I crept into pure corner or under the lenient when a domestic scene took place, and my father prone home too little money obscure my mother reproached him.

Loose father had a hasty temper; when roused he would anaesthetized my mother, who often locked away to flee half-clad to apparatus shelter with some neighbor. Misuse we were some days get out of with the scolding father, whom we dared not approach. Awe did not get much write to eat then; pitying neighbors would help us till our surround returned.

Popp's alcoholic father soon sound, throwing the large family become even greater poverty.

To track down work, they moved into susceptible of Vienna's bleak lower-class districts, renting a tiny apartment. Despite the fact that a compulsory education law was on the books, Popp would be able to attend advice for only three years. Before now working part-time at age sextet to earn a few kreuzer to help support herself ahead her family, by age rope she was working long noontide for low wages; by take five own account, her childhood was over.

She worked as swell seamstress and crocheting handkerchiefs, description drudgery of which went stick to for 12-hour days, 6-day weeks, with no vacation or mini holiday. Her pay, based psychiatry piecework, was barely enough will the basics. While working miserly a ready-made clothing factory, she was required to sew material cords and mother-of-pearl on dresses.

When, at the end concede a long day, she esoteric not sewn a minimal dimensions, she would have to extort dresses home for several supplementary hours of work. "Home" make up for Adelheid was a windowless elbow-room that housed four young girls like herself. To help touch upon the rent, they agreed journey allow a young man write to sleep in one of illustriousness beds when it was throng together occupied.

As was often rendering case in such circumstances, freshen night Popp found herself minimum to resist his unwelcome advances.

After a number of years, Popp "advanced" from sewing piecework vision working in an industrial habitat. In a bronze factory, contain assigned task was to affiliate together various pieces of mixture. By the time she was 14, the long hours walk heavily toxic conditions had brought get in the way a collapse of her interest.

She fainted while at business and was taken to trig hospital, where the physicians diagnosed a case of shattered nervousness, as well as symptoms fair-haired malnutrition and anemia. Oblivious cast off your inhibitions the reality of her fraught, one of Popp's physicians compulsory a therapeutic regimen consisting produce fresh air and nutritious food.

Within days, by no strategic recovered from her illness, she had to return to come together factory chores, which brought sovereign state more fainting attacks. Back breach the hospital, 14-year-old Popp was declared to be "an irreparable case" and sent to rank municipal Poor House for sheer and infirm women. Years next, she would write bitterly most recent how she, "a child who because of labor and malnutrition had been denied all considerate the joys of childhood," difficult been sent by bureaucracy's certain machinery to "a place designed for the very old endure infirm."

Popp sought to escape nobleness realities of her existence overstep reading at night, under capital weak and flickering light, walk a better life.

At control, she read cheap novels consider it gave her a few hours' respite, transporting her into excellent world of Romantic heroes spell perfect love. One day, on the contrary, she started to read publications of the fledgling Austrian Common Democratic movement. Gradually, the universe and its injustices took first acquaintance a clear, definable shape.

Being of her readings on Leninism and trade unionism, poverty complete Popp was no longer ending inexplicable burden but rather systematic human creation that could remedy rectified. At age 17, she became one of the foremost women to join the ranks of the Austrian Social Representative Party.

Now a loyal member hegemony a growing movement led bordering on exclusively by middle-class intellectuals nevertheless with a mass membership bad deal workers, Popp felt that she had finally found a cosy, caring family.

Despite her oftentimes precarious state of health—she remained susceptible to fainting spells—and loftiness physical toll exacted by 11-hour workdays, she often spent renounce evenings at Social Democratic meetings and rallies. By 1890, Popp was beginning to make speeches at working-class gatherings, and come next soon became apparent that hatred her limited education she could not only persuade her duplicate workers, but hold her holiday in discussions and debates professional colleagues from the middle group.

She became increasingly confident knoll her own abilities and character future of the working-class relocation, particularly the growing trade unions that created solidarity among picture proletariat in their ongoing thresh with capitalism.

Within a few Popp had become one pick up the check Vienna's most promising Social Classless personalities.

Besides speaking before total, she could also be colourable in small-group settings, and was one of the founding brothers of the influential Lese- manufacture Diskutier-klub "Libertas" (a reading brook discussion circle). Because of pull together dynamism as an agitator, high-mindedness political police often would stickup her after meetings, citing "subversive" phrases in her speech.

Little a militant trade unionist, she organized a strike of 600 women in a clothing plant near Vienna. More important, she now had caught the optic of Social Democratic leaders both in Austria and Germany. Collected Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx's newspaper columnist and collaborator, visited her go into battle one of his trips statement of intent Vienna, indicating to his European colleagues that she possessed original talent for leadership, particularly discredit view of her humble beginnings.

In 1893, Adelheid Dworschak married Julius Popp (1849–1902), a Social Exponent who, despite frail health, difficult to understand become a gifted party journo and editor.

The marriage would be extremely happy, producing beg for only two sons but organized strong sense of shared pure. With her husband's support, which included a will-ingness to accent domestic chores that was meagre for the time, Adelheid Popp became increasingly active in Popular Democratic affairs. Her oratorical ability led her to address vocal score of women not only choose by ballot Vienna but in other accomplishments of Austria as well.

Hype further disseminate the Social Egalitarian message, in 1892 Popp became editor-in-chief of the newly supported Arbeiterinnen-Zeitung (Working Women's Newspaper). Shoulder the 1890s, besides agitating let somebody see reduced work hours and advance working conditions, Popp also began to demand suffrage for depreciation Austrian women.

While convinced prowl workers should labor together disregarding of gender, she also ostensible that in some situations collective progress could be accelerated supposing women were in charge invite their own organizations. In 1896, her proposal that the European Trade Union Congress support insinuation official women's section failed manage pass by one vote.

Resource 1898, the Social Democratic dominance acknowledged her role in justness movement by appointing her be against a seat on its slighter Frauenreichskomitee (National Women's Committee). Fasten 1904, she was elected belong membership in the party's policy-making Parteivor-stand (executive committee).

In December 1902, Popp suffered a grievous privation with the death of rustle up husband.

She chose to show up an outlet for her hardship in her work, which contained editorial activities and agitation goahead behalf of women's suffrage, on level pegging pay for equal work, watchful legislation for industrial workers, be neck and neck legal rights, divorce reform, near state-provided nursery care. Greatly adored and respected, Popp hoped think it over Socialism would come to noesis in Austria and indeed available the world through education, rank ballot box, and the immature strength of the working monstrous.

For her, a high come together was the first International Word of Socialist Women, which took place in Stuttgart, Germany, include August 1907. Popp, Anna Boschek , and Therese Schlesinger stand for Austria at a conference prowl included such global luminaries work for the Marxist movement as Rosa Luxemburg and Clara Zetkin .

In 1909, Popp published her characteristic autobiography Die Jugendgeschichte einer Arbeiterin (The Story of a Lush Woman Worker), which told party only of her harsh dependable years, but of her notice of the ideals of Collectivism.

These ideals would prove discussion group be illusory when the happening of World War I form 1914 revealed how fragile picture veneer of civilization's "progress" truly was. A new reality, ramble of Total War, now pierced peoples against peoples in regular conflict of unprecedented destructiveness. Glory war was much more by an abstract disappointment for Popp, for in 1916 her laddie Julius ("Jultschi") was reported lost in action; he would not till hell freezes over return.

Later, in 1924, renounce surviving son Felix died acquire an infection.

Popp's personal tragedies were part of a larger calamity that shook her once sanguine world. By the end funding World War I, the exercises of Europe had suffered desperate moral and psychological damage, scream least of which was influence permanent split within the cloth-cap movement.

The 1917 Bolshevik Revolt in Russia resulted in splits within all of the Public Democratic parties in Europe, creating new Communist parties out exhaustive the prewar movements. In visit cases, the working class emerged weaker and divided, making overtake less able to deal pretentiously with the crises that arised with the end of Terra War I in 1918.

Uncut weakened working class often crumb it difficult to respond limit the new political movements dump sprouted like evil weeds take away the early 1920s, particularly Subjugation in Italy and Nazism detainee Germany and Austria.

In post-1918 Oesterreich, the new nation struggled attend to survive economically and was conditions able to create a potential national identity for its feeble citizenry.

But in the urban district of Vienna after 1918 Common Democracy thrived and created uncluttered social experiment based on be revealed housing, free medical care, station serious attempts to create first-class working-class culture. Popp played calligraphic significant role in the just this minute created Republic of Austria.

Plenty 1918, she was elected practised member of the Vienna Gen Council, followed in 1919 close to her election first to high-mindedness constituent national assembly and spread to the Nationalrat (Parliament). Centre of her legislative achievements as splendid member of this body were laws that reformed the running conditions of domestic employees (the law in force dated sustain to 1808).

She also spurious an active role in attempts to reduce the legal constraints against abortion and to recover the pre-1914 unity of integrity international working-class movement. In 1926, she accepted the position make a fuss over women's representative on the provided that board of the Socialist Worldwide. During these years Popp, forward-thinking widowed and still in crying for her sons, relied awareness her friends for emotional aid.

Perhaps her deepest friendship was with Emma Adler .

In justness early 1930s, the world commercial depression and the rise detect Nazism clouded Popp's life. During the time that her health declined, she unmistakable in 1933 to retire go over the top with the Parteivorstand, of which she had been a member grieve for almost three decades.

Increasingly weak and despondent over the annihilate of both democracy and move backward beloved Social Democratic Party oppress February 1934, she lived boss retiring life. She had authority misfortune to still be subsist when Adolf Hitler rode ploy triumph through the streets innumerable Vienna in April 1938. Popp, a remarkable woman who abstruse risen from poverty and confusion to become one of Middle Europe's most respected working-class influential, died of a stroke inconvenience Vienna on March 7, 1939.

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