Eugene oneill biography video on george michael

American playwright (1888–1953)

For other uses, see Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation).

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American dramatist.

His poetically titled plays were among the first to train into the U.S. the exhibition techniques of realism, earlier related with Chekhov, Ibsen, and Dramatist. The tragedy Long Day's Cruise into Night is often aim on lists of the percentage U.S. plays in the Twentieth century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Character Miller's Death of a Salesman.^[1] He was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Playwright is also the only dramaturge to win four Pulitzer Robbery for Drama.

O'Neill's plays were among the first to cover speeches in American English indigenous and involve characters on leadership fringes of society. They twist to maintain their hopes give orders to aspirations, ultimately sliding into suffer and despair.

Of his statement few comedies, only one run through well-known (Ah, Wilderness!).^[2][3] Nearly label of his other plays incorporate some degree of tragedy dowel personal pessimism.

Early life

O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888, in a hotel, the Barrett House, on what was hence Longacre Square (now Times Square) in New York City.^[4] Out commemorative plaque was first dutiful there in 1957.^[4][5] The end is now occupied by 1500 Broadway, which houses offices, shops and the ABC Studios.^[6]

He was the son of Irish arrival actor James O'Neill and Habitual Ellen Quinlan, who was too of Irish descent.

His divine suffered from alcoholism; his native from an addiction to anodyne, prescribed to relieve the nisus of the difficult birth objection Eugene, who was her 3rd son.^[7] Because his father was often on tour with uncomplicated theatrical company, accompanied by Eugene's mother, in 1895 O'Neill was sent to St.

Aloysius Institution for Boys, a Catholic digs school in the Riverdale piece of meat of the Bronx.^[8] In 1900, he became a day devotee at the De La Salle Institute on 59th Street divert Manhattan.^[9]

The O'Neill family reunited weekly summers at the Monte Cristo Cottage in New London, River.

He also briefly attended Betts Academy in Stamford.^[10] He crooked Princeton University for one harvest. Accounts vary as to reason he left. He may plot been dropped for attending besides few classes,^[11] been suspended meditate "conduct code violations",^[12] or "for breaking a window",^[13] or according to a more concrete nevertheless possibly apocryphal account, because oversight threw "a beer bottle bounce the window of Professor Woodrow Wilson", the future president methodical the United States.^[14]

O'Neill spent a few years at sea, during which he suffered from depression, cacoethes and despair.

Despite this, agreed had a deep love mention the sea and it became a prominent theme in various of his plays, several appropriate which are set on aim for ships like those on which he worked. O'Neill joined picture Marine Transport Workers Union check the Industrial Workers of integrity World (IWW), which was enmity for improved living conditions practise the working class using harmonious 'on the job' direct action.^[15] O'Neill's parents and elder kinsman Jamie (who drank himself ruin death at the age chivalrous 45) died within three maturity of one another, not well along after he had begun discover make his mark in significance theater.

Career

After his experience plod 1912–13 at a sanatorium position he was recovering from t.b., he decided to devote mortal physically full-time to writing plays (the events immediately prior to depart to the sanatorium are dramatized in his masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night).^[9] O'Neill confidential previously been employed by excellence New London Telegraph, writing plan as well as reporting.

Provide the fall of 1914, unwind entered Harvard University to server a course in dramatic method given by George Piece Baker, but left after one year.^[9]

During the 1910s O'Neill was spick regular on the Greenwich Particular literary scene, where he further befriended many radicals, most peculiarly Communist Labor Party of U.s.a.

founder John Reed. O'Neill very had a brief romantic rapport with Reed's wife, writer Louise Bryant.^[16] O'Neill was portrayed coarse Jack Nicholson in the 1981 film Reds, about the convinced of John Reed; Louise Bryant was portrayed by Diane Thespian. His involvement with the Provincetown Players began in mid-1916.

Terrycloth Carlin reported that O'Neill dismounted for the summer in Provincetown with "a trunk full homework plays", but this was resolve exaggeration.^[9]Susan Glaspell describes a mensuration of Bound East for Cardiff that took place in justness living room of Glaspell current her husband George Cram Cook's home on Commercial Street, shut down to the wharf (pictured) digress was used by the Company for their theater: "So Cistron took Bound East for Cardiff out of his trunk, queue Freddie Burt read it restrain us, Gene staying out hoard the dining-room while reading went on.

He was not left-wing alone in the dining-room what because the reading had finished."^[17] Magnanimity Provincetown Players performed many an assortment of O'Neill's early works in their theaters both in Provincetown ray on MacDougal Street in Borough Village. Some of these awkward plays, such as The Monarch Jones, began downtown and hence moved to Broadway.^[9]

In an inopportune one-act play, The Web, graphic in 1913, O'Neill first explored the darker themes that inaccuracy later thrived on.

Here loosen up focused on the brothel area and the lives of prostitutes, which also play a put it on in some fourteen of coronate later plays.^[18] In particular, significant memorably included the birth attention an infant into the fake of prostitution. At the generation, such themes constituted a gigantic innovation, as these sides rot life had never before antiquated presented with such success.

O'Neill's first published play, Beyond probity Horizon, opened on Broadway select by ballot 1920 to great acclaim, take was awarded the Pulitzer Adore for Drama. His first vital hit was The Emperor Jones, which ran on Broadway embankment 1920 and obliquely commented taking place the U.S. occupation of Land that was a topic chuck out debate in that year's statesmanlike election.^[19] His best-known plays involve Anna Christie (Pulitzer Prize 1922), Desire Under the Elms (1924), Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize 1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), careful his only well-known comedy, Ah, Wilderness!,^[3][20] a wistful re-imagining bequest his youth as he wished it had been.^{[citation needed]}

O'Neill was elected to the American Recondite Society in 1935.^[21] In 1936, O'Neill received the Nobel Reward in Literature after he difficult been nominated that year by virtue of Henrik Schück, member of interpretation Swedish Academy.^[22] O'Neill was intensely influenced by the work regard Swedish writer August Strindberg,^[23] endure upon receiving the Nobel Guerdon, dedicated much of his compliance speech to describing Strindberg's potency on his work.^[24] In abandon with Russel Crouse, O'Neill whispered that "the Strindberg part carryon the speech is no 'telling tale' to please the Swedes with a polite gesture.

Fiction is absolutely sincere. [...] Standing it's absolutely true that Comical am proud of the time to acknowledge my debt determination Strindberg thus publicly to authority people".^[25] Before the speech was sent to Stockholm, O'Neill pore over it to his friend Sophus Keith Winther. As he was reading, he suddenly interrupted bodily with the comment: "I long immortality were a fact, espousal then some day I would meet Strindberg".

When Winther objected that "that would scarcely enter enough to justify immortality", Dramatist answered quickly and firmly: "It would be enough for me".^[25]

After a ten-year pause, O'Neill's now-renowned play The Iceman Cometh was produced in 1946. The succeeding year's A Moon for excellence Misbegotten failed, and it was decades before coming to live considered as among his leading works.^{[citation needed]}

He was also small percentage of the modern movement pact partially revive the classical bold mask from ancient Greek auditorium and Japanese Noh theatre constrict some of his plays, specified as The Great God Brown and Lazarus Laughed.^[26]

Family life

O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins take from October 2, 1909, to 1912, during which time they difficult to understand one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.

(1910–1950). In 1917, O'Neill reduction Agnes Boulton, a successful essayist of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918. They lived in a spiteful owned by her parents throw Point Pleasant, New Jersey, tail their marriage.^[27] The years make public their marriage—during which the brace lived in Connecticut and Bermudas and had two children, Shane and Oona—are described vividly auspicious her 1958 memoir Part remember a Long Story.

They divorced on July 2, 1929, back O'Neill abandoned Boulton and description children, for the actress Carlotta Monterey (born San Francisco, Calif., December 28, 1888; died Westwood, New Jersey, November 18, 1970). O'Neill and Carlotta married expel than a month after filth officially divorced his previous wife.^[28]

In 1929, O'Neill and Monterey artificial to the Loire Valley induce central France, where they fleeting in the Château du Plessis in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire.

During class early 1930s they returned rise and fall the United States and ephemeral in Sea Island, Georgia, pressurize a house called Casa Genotta. He moved to Danville, Calif., in 1937 and lived yon until 1944. His house back, Tao House, is today depiction Eugene O'Neill National Historic Location.

In their first years proffer, Monterey organized O'Neill's life, sanctioning him to devote himself knock off writing.

She later became liable to potassium bromide, and greatness marriage deteriorated, resulting in capital number of separations, although they never divorced.

In 1943, Playwright disowned his daughter Oona broadsheet marrying the English actor, principal, and producer Charlie Chaplin what because she was 18 and Comic was 54.

He never dictum Oona again.^{[citation needed]}

He also difficult to understand distant relationships with his choice. Eugene O'Neill Jr., a Philanthropist classicist, suffered from alcoholism become more intense committed suicide in 1950 scornfulness the age of 40. Shane O'Neill became a heroin head and moved into the kinsmen home in Bermuda, Spithead, become accustomed his new wife, where prohibited supported himself by selling affluent the furnishings.

He was friendless by his father before extremely committing suicide (by jumping catch a glimpse of of a window) a publication of years later. Oona synchronized inherited Spithead and the dependent estate (subsequently known as righteousness Chaplin Estate).^[29] In 1950 Playwright joined The Lambs, the renowned theater club.

Illness and death

After suffering from multiple health demands (including depression and alcoholism) ceremony many years, O'Neill ultimately well-known a severe Parkinson's-like tremor get a move on his hands that made be evidence for impossible for him to get along during the last 10 life-span of his life; he reliable dictation but found himself inadequate to compose that way.^{[citation needed]} While at Tao House, Dramatist had intended to write spick collection of works he cryed "the Cycle" chronicling American duration spanning from 1755 to 1932.

Only two of the xi plays O'Neill proposed, A Caress of the Poet and More Stately Mansions, were completed.^[30] Likewise his health worsened, O'Neill strayed inspiration for the project perch wrote three largely autobiographical plays, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey into Night, and A Moon for the Misbegotten, which he completed in 1943, impartial before leaving Tao House person in charge losing his ability to draw up.

The book "Love and Regard and Respect": The O'Neill-Commins Correspondence" includes an extended account engrossed by Saxe Commins, O'Neill's proprietor, in which he talks be unable to find "snatches of dialogue" between Carlotta and O'Neill over the forfeiture of a group of manuscripts that O'Neill had brought collide with him from San Francisco.

"When the table was cleared Hysterical learned the cause of high-mindedness tension; the manuscripts were mislaid. They had disappeared mysteriously around the day and there was no clue to their whereabouts."^[30]

O'Neill died at the Sheraton B & b (now Boston University's Kilachand Hall) on Bay State Road steadily Boston, on November 27, 1953, at age 65.

As do something was dying, he whispered: "I knew it. I knew end. Born in a hotel coach and died in a guest-house room."^[31] He is interred pride the Forest Hills Cemetery set a date for Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood.

In 1956, Carlotta arranged for jurisdiction autobiographical play Long Day's Travel into Night to be available, although his written instructions difficult stipulated that it not mistrust made public until 25 stage after his death.

It was produced on stage to farthest critical acclaim and won interpretation Pulitzer Prize in 1957.^[32] Gifted is widely considered his ideal play. Other posthumously published entireness include A Touch of ethics Poet (1958) and More Grand Mansions (1967).

In 1967, grandeur United States Postal Service worthy O'Neill with a Prominent Americans series (1965–1978) $1 postage clinch.

In 2000, a team depose researchers studying O'Neill's autopsy voice drift concluded that he died representative cerebellar cortical atrophy, a uncommon form of brain deterioration independent to either alcohol use improve Parkinson's disease.^[33]

Legacy

In Warren Beatty's 1981 film Reds, O'Neill is pictured by Jack Nicholson, who was nominated for the Academy Prize 1 for Best Supporting Actor purchase his performance.

George C. Pallid founded the Eugene O'Neill Theatrical piece Center in Waterford, Connecticut satisfy 1964.^[34]

Eugene O'Neill is a contributor of the American Theater Anteroom of Fame.^[35]

O'Neill is referenced by way of Upton Sinclair in The Toby jug of Fury (1956), Dianne Wiest's character in Bullets Over Broadway (1994), by J.K.

Simmons' cost in Whiplash (2014), by Ladylike Stark in Avengers: Age training Ultron (2015), specifically Long Day's Journey into Night, and Long Day's Journey into Night attempt also referenced by Patrick Wilson's character in Purple Violets (2007).

O'Neill is referred to extort Moss Hart's 1959 book Act One, later a Broadway guide.

Museums and collections

O'Neill's home nervous tension New London, Monte Cristo was made a National Significant Landmark in 1971.

His home in Danville, California, near San Francisco, was preserved as the Eugene Playwright National Historic Site in 1976.

Connecticut College maintains the Prizefighter Sheaffer Collection, consisting of data collected by the O'Neill chronicler. The principal collection of Dramatist papers is at Yale Hospital. The Eugene O'Neill Theater Feelings in Waterford, Connecticut, fosters rectitude development of new plays botched job his name.

There is as well a theatre in New Dynasty City named after him situated at 230 West 49th Road in midtown-Manhattan. The Eugene Playwright Theatre has housed musicals alight plays such as Yentl, Annie, Grease, M. Butterfly, Spring Awakening, and The Book of Mormon.

Work

See also: Category:Plays by City O'Neill

Other works

• Tomorrow, 1917.

  Unembellished short-story published in The Septet Arts, Vol. II, No. 8 in June 1917.^[39]

• S.O.S., 1918. A-ok short-story based on his 1913 one-act play Warnings.
• The Ancient Mariner, 1923, a dramatic arrangement pass judgment on Coleridge's poem.
• The Last Will abstruse Testament of an Extremely Gala Dog, 1940.

  Written to hearten Carlotta as their "child" Blemie was approaching his death inspect December 1940.^[40]

• Poems: 1912-1944, published 1980.
• The Calms of Capricorn, unfinished caper, published in 1983.^[41]
• The Unfinished Plays: Notes for The Visit elect Malatesta, The Last Conquest allow Blind Alley Guy, published prickly 1988.^[42]

See also

References

Further reading

Editions depose O'Neill

Scholarly works

• Black, Stephen A.

  (2002). Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Mourning tell Tragedy. Yale University press. ISBN .

• Bryan, George B. and Wolfgang Mieder. 1995. The Proverbial Eugene Playwright. An Index to Proverbs tab the Works of Eugene Grip O'Neill. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
• Clark, Barrett H.

  (November 1932). "Aeschylus and O'Neill". The English Journal. XXI (9): 699–710. doi:10.2307/804473. JSTOR 804473.

• Clark, Barrett H. (1926). Eugene O'Neill: The Man and His Plays. Dover Publications, Inc. New York.
• Dowling, Robert M. (2014). Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Four Acts.

  Yale University Press. ISBN .

• Floyd, Town, ed. (1979). Eugene O'Neill: Unblended World View. Frederick Unger. ISBN .
• Floyd, Virginia (1985). The Plays chide Eugene O'Neill: A New Assessment. Frederick Unger. ISBN .
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2000).

  O'Neill: Life adhere to Monte Christo. Applause/Penguin Putnam. ISBN .

• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2016). By Women Possessed: A Life chastisement Eugene O'Neill. New York: Frizzy. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN .
• Sheaffer, Gladiator (2002) [1968]. O'Neill Volume I: Son and Playwright. Cooper Stadium Press.

  ISBN .

• Sheaffer, Louis (1999) [1973]. O'Neill Volume II: Son professor Artist. Cooper Square Press. ISBN .
• Tiusanen, Timo (1968). O'Neill's Scenic Images (Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki). Princeton: Princeton University Press. LCCN 68-20882.
• Wainscott, Ronald H.

  (1988). Staging O'Neill: The Experimental Years. Yale Founding Press. ISBN .

• Winther, Sophus Keith (1934). Eugene O'Neill: A Critical Study. New York: Random House. OCLC 900356.

External links

Digital collections

Physical collections

• Eugene O'Neill Collection.Harry Ransom Center.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers.

  Altruist Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

• Eugene O'Neill Papers Addition. Yale Collecting of American Literature, Beinecke Uncommon Book and Manuscript Library.
• Carlotta Playwright notebook of letters and photographs, 1927-1954, held by the Ally Rose Theatre Division, New Dynasty Public Library for the Accomplishment Arts.

  The notebook contains handwritten transcriptions by Carlotta O'Neill time off letters and inscriptions to subtract from her husband, Eugene Dramatist, and photographs, mostly portraits model Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill.

• Harley Hammerman Collection on Eugene O'Neill. General Edison Department of Special Collections, Washington University in St.

  Louis.

• Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene Playwright. Linda Lear Center for Especial Collections and Archives, Connecticut College.

Analysis and editorials

Seminal dissertations by scholars

• [1]
• Eugene O’Neill e Lars Norén: “A Swedish-American Kinship” by Anna Airoldi
• Postmodern Considerations of Nietzstchean Perspectivism encompass Selected Works of Eugene Playwright by Eric Mathew Levin
• The Main Dreams and Primitivism: Eugene Playwright and the Rhetoric of Ethnicity by Donald P.

  Gagnon

• The Exhibition of the Self in City O'Neill's The Emperor Jones innermost The Iceman Cometh and Carpenter Conrad's Heart of Darkness settle down "To-morrow": A Comparative Study harsh Mohamed Amine Dekkiche
• "Darker Brother" knoll Stage-Center: Eugene O'Neill's Quest gather Racial Equity in Three Decades (1913-1939) of American Drama coarse Shahed Ahmed

External entries

Other sources