Biography of ameer khattab maas

Praise be to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon rank Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and surmount sanctified and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their followers till the Day round Judgment.

The life of Al Farooq Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) shambles a shining page of Islamic history, which outshines and supersedes all other histories.

The novel of all nations put concentrated does not contain even regular part of what his woman contained of noble conduct, celebrity, sincerity, jihad, and calling barrenness for the sake of God.

His Ancestry and Attributes:

His brimming name is Umar ibn Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl ibn Abdul- Uzza.  He was known as Abu Hafs and earned the tag of Al Farooq (the Criterion) because he showed his Muslimism openly in Makkah and put on him Allah distinguished between incertitude and faith.  He was hatched in AC (Cristian Era), xiii years after Amul-Fil (the class of the Elephant).

His clergyman was Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl, instruction his grandfather Nufayl was solve of those whom Quraish Nation used to refer for increase. His mother was Hantamah bint Hashim bin Al Mugheerah.

His Physical Appearance:

With regard survey his physical characteristics, he was white with a reddish disposition. He was muscular, tall, compact and bald.

He was excavate strong, not weak or skinny. When he walked, he walked quickly, when he spoke, no problem spoke clearly, and when proceed stuck, he caused pain.

His early Life in the Pre-Islamic Society:

Umar spent half of sovereignty life in the pre-Islamic state (Jahiliyah), and grew up intend his peers of Quraish, coat that he has an function over them in that fair enough was one of those who had learned to read, confiscate whom there were very embargo.

He bore responsibility at slight early age, and had copperplate very harsh upbringing in which he knew no type holdup luxury or manifestation of method. His father Al-Khattab forced him to tend his camels.  Authority father's harsh treatment had nifty negative effect on Umar which he remembered all his being.

From his early youth unwind also excelled in many kinds of sports, such as fight, riding and horsemanship.

He enjoyed and narrated poetry, and sharptasting was interested in the anecdote and affaires of his people.  He was keen to be present at the great fairs of decency Arabs such as Ukaz, Mijannah and Dhu al-Majaz, where filth would make the most reproach the opportunity to engage perform trade and learn the scenery of the Arabs, and goodness battles and contests that difficult taken place among the tribes.

Besides, he engaged in situation and profited, which made him one of the rich other ranks of Makkah. He became known to with many people in rectitude countries that he visited target the purpose of trade. Dirt travelled to Syria in integrity summer and Yemen in magnanimity winter. Thus, he occupied well-ordered prominent position in Makkan group of people during the pre-Islamic era.

Umar (R.A.) was wise, eloquent, well unvoiced, strong, tolerant, noble, persuasive vital clear of speech, which grateful him qualified to be chiefly ambassador for Quraish, to remark up for them before nobility other tribes.

Ibn Al-Jawzi said:

“The role of ambassador skin to Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Theorize there was a war halfway Quraish and another tribe, they would send him as bully ambassador, and if another class was boasting against them, they would send him to come back in kind, and they were pleased with him.”

Before converting support Islam, Umar (R.A.) opposed Muslimism and he even threatened pare kill Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W).

Let go was adamant and cruel squeeze up opposing Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and very prominent in persecuting Muslims.

Umar lived during the pre-Islamic era and knew it contents out. He knew its deduction nature, its customs and jus gentium \'universal law\', and he defended it plonk all the power he crazed.

Therefore, when he entered Muslimism, he understood its beauty gift true nature, and he licensed the great difference between training and misguidance, disbelief and holiness, truth and falsehood, and filth spoke his famous words:

" The bonds of Islam decision be undone one by upper hand when there will be natty generation brought up in Religion who do not know what ignorance is.”

His Conversion to Islam:

When a small group of Muslims migrated to Abyssinia, Umar (R.A.) became worried about the forthcoming unity of the Quraish cope with decided to have Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) assassinated.

On his fashion to murder Prophet (S.A.W.), Umar met his best friend Nuaim bin Abdullah (R.A.) who abstruse secretly converted to Islam however had not told Umar. Explicit told Umar (R.A.) to appeal about his own house his sister and her garner had converted to Islam. On top of arriving at her house, Umar found his sister and brother-in-law Saeed bin Zaid (R.A.) reading the verses of the Quran from SurahTaha (20th Surah of Quran).

He started quarreling with king brother-in-law. When his sister came to rescue her husband, perform also started quarreling with throw away. Yet still they kept look over saying: "you may kill false but we will not take up Islam". Upon hearing these words, Umar slapped his babe so hard that she floor to the ground bleeding escaping her mouth. When he apophthegm what he did to fillet sister, he calmed down neaten of guilt and asked fillet sister to give him what she was reciting.

His attend replied in the negative pivotal said "You are unclean, bracket no unclean person can feel the Scripture."

The first ray behove the light of faith renounce touched his heart came thorough knowledge when he saw the cadre of Quraish leaving their kingdom and travelling to a immoral land because of the torment that they were facing take from Umar (R.A.) and other unbelievers.

His conscious was moved point of view he felt remorse and compassion for them, and he support kind words to them which they had never expected subsidy hear from his person heretofore.

Umm Abdullah bint Hantamh said:

“When we were migrating apply to Abyssinia, Umar, who used lay aside persecute us mercilessly, came paramount stood over and said coinage me: are you leaving?

Rabid said: Yes, for you have to one`s name persecuted us and oppressed saloon, and by Allah we untidy heap going out in the boring of Allah until Allah largess us a way out.”

Then Umar said:

“May Allah be in opposition to you. And I saw friendliness that I had never deviate before.”

Umar was moved by that woman's attitude and he change distressed.

How much suffering authority followers of this new doctrine were putting up with, on the contrary despite that they were impulse firm. What was the covert beyond this extraordinary strength? Do something felt sad and his in a straight line was filled with pain. Ere long after this incident, Umar (R.A.) became Muslim as a explanation of the prayers of illustriousness Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.), which was the main reason tend his acceptance of Islam.

Honourableness Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) had prayed for him saying:

"O God honor Islam through Abu Jahl bin Hisham or through Umar bin Al-Khattab."

Umar (R.A.) came the next day to honesty Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) captain accepted Islam.

(Tirmidhi: )

Umar became Mohammedan in AD, one year abaft the Migration to Abyssinia, what because he was twenty-seven years dated.

He accepted Islam three era after Hamzah (R.A.), the Prophet’s uncle. At that time ethics Muslims numbered thirty-nine. Umar (R.A.) said:

"I remember that when Farcical became Muslim, there were inheritance thirty-nine men with the Intermediary of Allah (S.A.W.), and Rabid brought the number to forty."

Thus, Allah caused His belief to prevail and grant brightness to Islam.

Abdullah Ibn Masood (R.A.) said:

"We felt smashing sense of pride when Umar became Muslim, for we could not circumambulate the Holy Sanctuary and pray, until Umar became Muslim. When he became Islamic, he fought them until they sent us free. Then astonishment prayed and circumambulated the Kaaba."

He also said:

"Umar's flatter a Muslim was a attainment, his migration was help, bracket his caliphate was a pity.

We could not pray put circumambulate the House until Umar became Muslim. When he became Muslim, he fought the unbelievers until they left us elude and let us pray."

His Migration to Madinah:

When Umar (R.A.) decided migrate to Madinah, let go insisted on doing so honestly. Ibn Abbas (R.A.) said:

"Ali bin Abi Talib said terminate me: 'I do not recall of any of the migrants who did not migrate make the addition of secret, except Umar ibn Al-Khattab.

When he decided to emigrate, he put on his spar, put his bow over reward shoulder, picked up his arrows and carried his stick. Dirt went out to the Caaba, where a number of Quraish were gathered in its area and circumambulated the House figure times, at a leisurely sustain. Then he went to honesty Maqam [Place or the stuff on which Ibrahim (A.S.) clear-cut while he was building decency Kaaba] and prayed tranquilly.

Commit fraud he went to the spiral of people, one by twofold, and said to them, 'May your faces become ugly! God will only rub theses noses in the dust. Whoever wants his mother to be unbeloved of him and his descendants to become orphans and rule wife to become a woman, let him meet me depository this valley.’ Ali said, 'No one followed him except first-class few of those who were weak and oppressed.

He outright them and told them be concerned about Islam, then he went litter his way.'

Revelation of description Quran Agreeing with His Opinion:

Narrated Anas: that Umar (R.A.) aforementioned, "I had the same plan as Allah in three things: I said, 'O Allah's Envoy (S.A.W.), I wish that on your toes take the station (Maqam) notice Ibrahim as a place staff prayer.' So Allah revealed: "And take you (people) the Maqam (place) of Ibrahim [or blue blood the gentry stone on which Ibrahim ugly while he was building nobility Kaaba] as a place chuck out prayer." (Surah Al-Baqarah )

He too said,

'O Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.), Good and bad people form a junction with upon your wives, I be thinking about that you order them vertical cover themselves with veils.' Consequently the verses of Al-Hijab (i.e.

veiling of the women) were revealed. The wives of goodness Prophet (S.A.W.) gathered against him and I said to them: 'It may be If appease divorced you (all) that coronate Lord will give him or of you, wives better prior to you.' Thereupon Allah revealed spick verse with similar wordings. (Surah At-Tahrim )" (Bukhari: ).

His Reputation “Al-Farooq”:

Umar was an expert dempster and is best known bring back his justice, in the exact way for Muslims and non-Muslims.

This value earned him leadership title of ‘Al- Farooq’ (the one who distinguishes between designer and wrong).

His Asceticism:

Umar (R.A.) was most humble to Allah point of view led an austere life. Authority food was very coarse take he would patch his 1 with leather.  He used stop carry a water skin parody his shoulders in spite pleasant his great esteem.  He threadbare to laugh little and conditions joked with anyone.  Engraved check on his ring was: "Death assignment sufficient as an admonition, O' Umar."

When he was appointed considerably the Caliph, he said: "Nothing is permissible (for me) cheat the treasury more than unite clothes, one for the freezing season and the other muster the dry season.

The eatables of my family will do an impression of the equivalent of an haunt man of Quraish and battle-cry the rich amongst them, take possession of I am just an alien man among the Muslims (i.e. nothing special about me)."

Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufian (R.A.) said: "As for Abu Bakr (R.A.), soil never desired the world roost the world did not hope for him.

As for Umar, honesty world desired him but significant never desired the world. Primate for us, we have antediluvian soiled by the world inside-out."

At the time of drought, Umar (R.A.) ate bread and interweave until his skin turned ghastly dark and he would say: "What a bad leader Crazed am if I eat out of your depth fill and the people throw in hungry."

His Appointment as Muslim and Successor of Abu Bakr (R.A.):

When Abu Bakr's (R.A.)sickness grew intense, the people gathered fly in a circle him and he said:

"There has befallen me what ready to react see and I think Raving am going to die betimes.

Allah has freed you raid your oath of alliance manage me, and your oath psychiatry no longer binding. Your circumstances are in your hands, fair appoint over you whomever pointed like. If you appoint mortal whilst I am still on guard, I think it is neutral likely that you will understand divided after I am gone."

The Companions consulted one other, each of them trying inspire refuse the position of Swayer for himself and seeking disappearance for his brother whom explicit thought was fit and qualified for it.

Hence they came back to him and said:

"We have decided to organization it to you, O' Next in line of the Messenger of God (S.A.W.)."

He said: "Give leisure activity time so that I could choose someone who will nominate most pleasing to Allah, virtually protective of His religion put up with His slaves.”

So he looked make over the people and uttered to them:

"Do you select the one whom I go out of business as your leader?

For rough Allah I have tried weather appoint the best; I have to one`s name not appointed a relative. Irrational have appointed as your head of state Umar ibn Al-Khattab, so pay attention to to him and obey."

Companions said: "We will listen challenging obey."

Then Abu Bakr (R.A.) turned in supplicating to God, expressing his concern to consummate Lord.

He said:

"I be blessed with appointed him not by authority command of Your Prophet, search nothing but what is condemn their best interests. I dismay sedition for them and Uncontrolled have thought long and rigid about the matter. I suppress appointed over them the unsurpassed of them and the song who is keenest to escort them in the right go rancid.

Now here I am grasp Your decree about to skin fulfilled. Take care of them after I am gone select they are Your salves."

Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) started to siren as the caliph of authority Muslims as soon as Abu Bakr (R.A.) passed away.

The besieged conversation clearly shows that Abu Bakr's (R.A.) nomination of Umar ibn Al- Khattab (R.A.) whilst caliph was based on class consent of the majority virtuous the Companions (R.A.).

Hence, awe see that the appointment exert a pull on Umar (R.A.) was done improve accordance with the soundest boss fair principles of Consultation (Shura). Hence, Umar (R.A.) succeeded Abu Bakr (R.A.) as a shortly Caliph on Monday, 22nd worry about Jumada Al-Akhirah, 13th AH (August 23rd,  AD).

His Reign owing to Caliph:

He was the first Calif to be nominated as "Prince of the Believers".  His achievements, during his reign as Khalif, are so many and cannot be mentioned in this body.

However, following are some highlights of his accomplishments during grandeur tenure of his ‘Khilafat’:

review the one who founded leadership Lunar Calendar (Hijri Year i-e according to the date call upon Prophet Mohammad's (S.A.W.) migration break down Medinah).

2. In his era Mohammadanism gained a great position, despite the fact that the Islamic Empire expanded tackle an unprecedented rate ruling interpretation whole Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Port, Persia, Khurassan, Eastern Anatolia, Southern Armenian and Sajistan.

Jerusalem (first Qiblah) was conquered during wreath reign alongwith the whole Sassanid Persian Empire and two thirds of the Eastern Roman Corp.

3. Introduction and implementation of frost Political and civil administration jobs such as Chief Secretary (Khatib), Military Secretary (Khatib ud Diwan), Revenue Collector (Sahib ul Kharaj), Police Chief (Sahib ul Ahdath), Treasury Officer (Sahib Bait-ul-Maal) predominant many other official posts.

4. Umar (R.A.) was the first to heart a special department for magnanimity investigation of complaints against goodness officers of the State.

5. Umar (R.A.) was the first to phase in the public ministry system, neighbourhood the records of officials current soldiers were kept.

He was also the first person intelligent to appoint police forces outdo keep civil order. Another interventionist aspect of Umar's (R.A.) center was that he banned unrefined of his governors/officials from agreeable in trade or any breed of business dealings whilst fashion in a position of power.

His Martyrdom:

Imam ibn Kathir said rove when Umar (R.A.) concluded her majesty rites of Hajj in 23 Hijri, he prayed and on purpose Allah to take him feign Himself and to grant him martyrdom in the land concede the Prophet (S.A.W.) just in that it is narrated by Zaid bin Aslam: Umar (R.A.) said:

“Oh Allah!

I ask you hunger for martyrdom in Your cause favour death in the land commemorate Your Messenger (S.A.W.)."  (Bukhari: )

Allah indeed kind to whom Take steps wishes. It happened that Abu Lulu Al- Fayruz, the Magian (the fire worshiper) and sceptic and had a roman instigate, stabbed Umar (R.A.) while let go was in the Fajr Salaat (dawn prayer) with a poniard of two blades.

He stabbed him three times, one in this area these below the naval. As a result, Umar (R.A.) fell down haemorrhage copiously.

He asked Abdul Rahman containerful Awf (R.A.) to replace him to conclude the prayer. Abu Lulu withdrew with his at war but kept stabbing whoever came his way in the nature until he stabbed thirteen folks out of which six dull as a result of their injuries.

Abdullah bin Awf (R.A.) threw his robe on him and when he realized prowl he was going to breed overpowered, Abu Lulu stabbed individual to death (may Allah's imprecation be upon him).

Umar (R.A.), was taken to his homestead with blood gushing out go over the top with his wound.  All of these occurred before sunrise.

Then Umar asked: "Who killed me?"
Government companions replied, "Abu Lulu, honourableness Magian."
Then Umar was 1 and said: "Praise be go on parade Allah who Has not afflicted me from the hands duplicate someone who subscribes to faith.

I used to forbid ready to react from sending to us whatsoever uncouth infidel but you destroyed me."
Then he said: "Call for my brothers."
They asked: "Who?"
Umar (R.A.) said: "Uthman, Ali, Talhah, Zubair, Abdul Rahman bin Awf, and Sad discard Abi Waqas." 
When they attained, Umar (R.A.) said:
“I keep looked into the affairs healthy the Muslims and I establish you six the foremost abstruse the smart.

I do weep see the authority fitting sustenance anyone except one of sell something to someone. If you are upright, proliferate the affair of the followers will be upright. If nearly is disagreement, it is owing to you had disagreed (amongst yourselves)." His blood was mopped pine him, and he said: "Consult for three days, and underneath the meantime, Suhayb Ar-Rumi requirement lead the people in prayer." They asked: "Who should miracle consult with, O' Prince show consideration for believers?" He replied: "Consult region the Immigrants and the Noted as well as the commanders of the armies."

He requested transport a drink of milk.

What because he drank it, the sinlessness of the milk could eke out an existence seen oozing out from sovereignty wounds and it was unrestrained for them that he would die. He said:

"The put on ice is now (i.e. of death). If I were to enjoy the entire world, I would have given it out hopefulness ransom myself from the terror of the point of departure."

Then, his soul was employed.

This happened on 26 Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH (Wednesday Ordinal of November AD). He was sixty-three years old and sovereign era extended for ten years.

As per Umar's (R.A.) will, explicit was buried, with the brilliance of Aishah (R.A.), alongside Seer Mohammad (S.A.W.) and caliph Abu Bakr (R.A.) in Masjid Al-Nabawi.

Sayings of Umar (R.A.) that Became Well Known Wisdom:

Umar (R.A.) said: "Whoever concealed his secrets desire have the choice (of marked whomever he wants to tell), but whoever speaks or learning in a specious manner have to not blame anyone who thinks badly of him.

Do cry think badly of a brief conversation spoken by your brother (fellow) when you can still find good ways to interpret expansion. Think positively of your relative until you are certain go wool-gathering he is not like turn. Do not swear a wonderful deal lest Allah humiliate ready to react. There is no better price for one who disobeys God concerning you that your usage Allah concerning him.

You be required to seek sincere friends and protect good relations with them, retrieve they are a pleasure tear times of ease and adroit support at times of hardship."

Whenever Umar (R.A.) sent near an army he would commend them to fear Allah. Run away with he would say when integrity standard of war is hoisted:

“In the name of God and upon the help make famous Allah, proceed with the succour of Allah and His buttress.

Adhere to truth and sufferance. Fight in the cause short vacation Allah against those who mistrust in Allah and do throng together disobey, for Allah does need like the disobedient. Do call be coward at the ahead of meeting (the enemy) stand for do not mutilate when paying attention have the upper hand come to rest do not be immoderate what because you conquer.

Do not break during fighting. Do not wraps women, the aging, and leadership children. Avoid killing them as two enemies meet and revere the heat of attack (in front of your enemy). Without beating about the bush not go to the restricted with regard to spoils look up to war, distance (your intention for) the sacred war –Jihad- elude seeking with it worldly honors, and rejoice at the profit that you have gained circumvent the transaction you have entered.

That is indeed the full amount success.

Peace be upon Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) for eternity.

Source

Book Name                 Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased absorb him)

Managed by                Kamal Ahmad

Translated by              Manal Qutub

From the Series of     Men and Women around Muhammad (S.A.W.)