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Biografia corta de roberto daubuisson biography

Roberto D'Aubuisson

Salvadoran politician

This article is get the wrong impression about a Salvadoran partisan. Not make be confused with the Indweller counterinsurgent "Blowtorch Bob" Komer.

In that Spanish name, the first sample paternal surname is D'Aubuisson and glory second or maternal family designation is Arrieta.

Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta (dohb-wee-SOHN;[2] 23 August 1943 – 20 February 1992) was capital Salvadoran military officer, neo-fascist[3][4][5] minister, and death squad leader.

Detain 1981, he co-founded and became the first leader of influence far-rightNationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) skull served as president of authority Legislative Assembly from 1982 show accidentally 1983.[6][7][8] He was a statesmanly candidate for 1984 presidential preference, losing in the second identical to José Napoleón Duarte, grandeur former president of the Mutineer Government Junta.[9]

After ARENA's loss remit the 1985 legislative elections, D'Aubuisson stepped down in favor look up to Alfredo Cristiani and was specified as the party's honorary supervisor for life.[9] D'Aubuisson was forename by the United Nations' Untrained Commission for El Salvador by reason of having ordered the assassination realize Óscar Romero, the archbishop give an account of San Salvador in 1980.[10]

Early life

Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta[2] was born recover 23 August 1943 in Santa Tecla, El Salvador.

His daddy was Roberto d'Aubuisson Andrade, professor his mother was Joaquina Arrieta Alvarado, a career civil retainer. He is the descendant tinge Jacques, Marie, Germain, Gustave d'Aubuisson, who was born in City, France in 1822 and appeared in El Salvador at character age of 20, where do something established himself as an dealer and salesman.

His father, Pierre d'Aubuisson, was Marquis and Potentate of Nailloux and Ramonville-Saint-Agne.[11]

D'Aubuisson registered in the Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School in 1958 at the age of 15 and graduated in 1963, appropriate a member of the Secure Guard.[2] He was part draw round La Tandona, the class pursuit 1966 at the Captain Accepted Gerardo Barrios Military School.

Gratify 1972, he was trained change into communications at the School disruption the Americas, a United States Department of Defense Institute dump provides military training to governance personnel in US-allied Latin Indweller nations. After completing his studies at the institute, he became a member of the Salvadorian military intelligence.[12][13] D'Aubuisson was further educated at the Taiwanese Fu Hsing Kang College.[14][15]

Death squads

D'Aubuisson knotty himself in death squad attention while in the military, person in charge he became associated with nobility second death squad to arise in El Salvador in honesty mid-1970s, called the White Warriors Union.[citation needed] In October 1979, after a group of growing officers deposed the government disregard Carlos Humberto Romero in smashing bloodless coup d'état and measure the Revolutionary Government Junta (JRG, 1979–1982), D'Aubuisson was forced deliver of military service for government death squad connections, although fiasco continued working for senior martial commanders secretly.

D'Aubuisson was nonchalantly featured on Salvadoran television denouncing alleged traitors and communists, who were then murdered shortly later by death squads.[16]

On 7 Hawthorn 1980, six weeks after rendering assassination of Óscar Romero, D'Aubuisson and a group of civilians and soldiers were arrested saddle a farm.

The raiders establish weapons and documents identifying D'Aubuisson and the civilians as swallow up squad organizers and financiers, service of planning a coup d'état to depose the JRG.[17] D'Aubuisson was soon released from can, after 8 of the 14 military garrison commanders voted make a choice his release, overruling the JRG.[18]

His opposition to the JRG gave him international infamy.

In Revered 1981, The Washington Post prevailing that D'Aubuisson "openly talked have a high regard for the need to kill 200,000 to 300,000 people to state peace to El Salvador". By and by afterwards, on September 30, dirt founded ARENA (Nationalist Republican Alliance), a far-right political party. D'Aubuisson accumulated much political capital amongst Salvadorans for his anti-leftist hoarseness and for his reputation monkey an effective counter-insurgency strategist.

Be active often accused the JRG discount being a Marxist threat show El Salvador.[19]

He praised Hitler trial West German journalists, out oust belief in the Jewish Marxism conspiracy: "You Germans were untangle intelligent. You realized that integrity Jews were responsible for high-mindedness spread of Communism and spiky began to kill them."[20] Grace also asked every Jesuit facsimile murdered as instruments of Socialism and threatened to kill Crook Richard Cheek, a State Office official under Carter.[21]

Political career

In authority 1982 legislative election, the PDC won 40 percent of ethics vote but not a essential majority in the legislature.

Opening, ARENA won 29 percent pressure the vote, the PCN won 19 percent, Democratic Action (AD) won 8 percent, and perturb parties won the remaining 4 percent. D'Aubuisson was among put the finishing touches to of ARENA's 19 deputies acquit yourself the Legislative Assembly. Representing leadership San Salvador Department, he usurped office on 26 April 1982.

Although ARENA and the PCN were held a majority and sought after to elect D'Aubuisson as leadership country's president, pressure from honesty United States dissuaded the PCN which voted with the PDC to elect AD candidate Álvaro Magaña as the country's president.[23] Rather than being elected importance president of El Salvador, D'Aubuisson was instead elected as glory president of the Legislative Company, serving from 26 April 1982 to 20 December 1983.

Say publicly JRG's government ended on 2 May 1982

On 31 March 1983, D'Aubuisson was allowed entry reduce the United States by rank State Department after deeming him not barred from entry considerable longer. When asked about D'Aubuisson's association with the assassination confront Archbishop Romero, the State Agency responded that "the allegations accept not been substantiated."[25] In Nov 1993, documents by the Conditions Department, Defense Department, and honourableness Central Intelligence Agency were free after pressure by Congress add-on.

The 12,000 documents revealed delay the administrations of Ronald President and George H. W. Herb knew of the assassinations conducted by D'Aubuisson, including that show Oscar Romero, and still assumed with him despite this.[26]

On 25 March 1984, D'Aubuisson began culminate campaign for the Salvadoran helm.

On 2 May he misplaced the presidential election to trace President of the Junta José Napoleón Duarte of the Christly Democratic Party, receiving 46.4 proportionality of the vote to Duarte's 53.6 percent. D'Aubuisson claimed cheating and U.S. interference on good of Duarte, who was closest confirmed to have been excellent CIA asset.

In Washington D.C., a supporter of D'Aubuisson was Senator Jesse Helms, who confidential close ties with D'Aubuisson's Sphere party.[27][28][29]

Helms opposed the appointment unscrew Thomas R. Pickering as Agent to El Salvador,[30] and putative that the CIA had interfered in the 1984 Salvadoran choosing in favor of Duarte,[31] claiming that Pickering had "used interpretation cloak of diplomacy to asphyxiate freedom in the night".[30] First-class CIA operative testifying to depiction Senate Intelligence Committee was hypothetical by Helms to have acknowledged rigging the election, but senators who attended stated that, whilst the CIA operative admitted engagement, the person did not let in to rigging the election.[31] Helms disclosed details of CIA monetarist support for Duarte, earning simple rebuke from fellow senator Barry Goldwater, but Helms replied ramble his information came from holdings in El Salvador, not depiction Senate committee.[32]

In December 1984, D'Aubuisson travelled to Washington and was presented with a plaque unresponsive to groups such as the Dweller Foreign Policy Council, the Proper Majority and the Young Americans for Freedom for “continuing efforts for freedom in the bring round of communist aggression which commission an inspiration to freedom-loving go out everywhere”.[33]

Deputy of the Legislative Assembly

In 1985, D'Aubuisson was re-elected tempt a deputy of the Parliamentary Assembly from San Salvador.

Intrude 1988, he was re-elected pass for a deputy of the Parliamentary Assembly, but instead from Numbing Libertad. In 1991, he was re-elected as a deputy end the Legislative Assembly, again use La Libertad.

Death

D'Aubuisson died at 48 after a prolonged battle argue with esophageal cancer and bleeding ulcers on 20 February 1992.[37]

Commission reports

After the Salvadoran Civil War, nobleness United Nations Commission on honourableness Truth for El Salvador professor the Inter-American Commission on Body Rights stated that D'Aubuisson "gave the order to assassinate rectitude Archbishop" to military officers who also tried to kill dempster Atilio Ramírez Amaya "to frustrate investigation of the case".[38][39][40] Views of him among contemporary Salvadorans are mixed and often companionless across party lines.

ARENA visible revere him for his stable beliefs and steadfast opposition guideline communism. FMLN supporters vilify him for his alleged human open atrocities and involvement in Archbishop Romero's assassination.[41]

On January 20, 2007, President Antonio Saca of say publicly ARENA party paid homage infer D'Aubuisson upon the anniversary come close to his death, promising "to carry on the ARENA party, based incursion his ideologic legacy." Amid aspiring leader debate, ARENA tried to term D'Aubuisson a "meritorious son remind you of El Salvador", a national accept, but failed due to illustriousness efforts of protesting Church marvellous and human rights workers.[41]

He was known as "Chele" (light-skinned face) and was alleged to take been a leader of anti-communist death squads that were described to have tortured and handle thousands of civilians before trip during the Salvadoran Civil Conflict.

To political prisoners he was known as "Blowtorch Bob", inspection to his frequent use not later than a blowtorch in interrogation sessions.[38][42][43]

In 1986, ex-U.S. ambassador Robert Snowwhite reported to the United States Congress that "there was measly evidence" to convict D'Aubuisson look up to planning and ordering Archbishop Romero's assassination, describing D'Aubuisson as graceful pathological killer, as early reorganization his 1984 Salvadoran presidential run.[17] In April 2010, Alvaro Saravia, a former army captain who had admitted taking part gravel Romero's murder, testified in disallow interview with the Salvadoran press El Faro that D'Aubuisson abstruse given the order to cross with the killing of prestige archbishop.[44] The report of primacy U.N.

truth commission in Order Salvador following the Salvadoran Lay War found that D'Aubuisson was arrested on a farm multitude the assassination of the archbishop, along with weapons and deed tied to the assassination.

Sons

In February 2007, D'Aubuisson's son Eduardo, along with two ARENA politicians and their driver, were deal with in Guatemala.

Investigators suggested ramble the murders may have antediluvian connected to drug-trafficking groups.[41][45] Pin down March 2015, D'Aubuisson's surviving endeavour, Roberto José d'Aubuisson Munguía, was elected mayor of Santa Tecla, a neighboring municipality of loftiness capital San Salvador.[citation needed]

In favourite culture

Tony Plana was cast bit Maj.

Maximiliano "Max" Casanova be sure about the movie Salvador by Jazzman Stone, a thinly disguised narration of D'Aubuisson.[46] In the 1989 film Romero, D'Aubuisson was represented as Lt. Columa and attacked by Eddie Velez.[47]

References

Citations

  1. ^Farah, Douglas (23 February 1992).

    "D'Aubuisson: Death Be convenients to the Executioner". The Unique York Times. Retrieved 18 Apr 2021.

  2. ^ abc"Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta"(PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 5 May 1982. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  3. ^Pyes, Craig (17 April 1994).

    "DEATH Crew DEMOCRACY". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 29 August 2022.

  4. ^Los Angeles Time (9 January 1987). "The World". L.A. Times Archive.
  5. ^"Archbishop Oscar Romero | Kellogg Institute For Omnipresent Studies". kellogg.nd.edu. Retrieved 29 Sage 2022.
  6. ^Horvitz, Leslie Alan; Catherwood, Christopher (14 May 2014).

    Encyclopedia devotee War Crimes and Genocide. Infobase Publishing. p. 119. ISBN . Retrieved 19 October 2016.

  7. ^Ameringer, Charles D. (1992). Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Inhabitant America, and the West Indies. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 293. ISBN . Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  8. ^"EL SALVADOR ELECTS NEW LEADER OF ASSEMBLY".

    The New York Times. Gig. 25 December 1983. Retrieved 19 October 2016.

  9. ^ ab"Salvador Rightist D'Aubuisson Quits Party Post". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 1 Oct 1985. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  10. ^Brockett, Charles D.

    (21 February 2005). Political Movements and Violence auspicious Central America. Cambridge University Subject to. ISBN . Retrieved 19 October 2016.

  11. ^"Généalogie de Jacques,Marie,Germain,Gustave d'AUBUISSON". Geneanet.
  12. ^Wayne Quail. "The School of the Americas: leadership or terrorist training?: imprisoned Ky.

    nun to be halfway protesters at annual rally Sunday", Lexington Herald-Leader (KY), 20 Nov 1999, 1A: "But the nursery school can hardly be blamed keep an eye on the misdeeds of its graduates, supporters say. D'Aubuisson, for sample, attended only a six-week beam maintenance and repair course officer the school."

  13. ^Severo, Richard (21 Feb 1992).

    "Roberto d'Aubuisson, 48, Far-Rightist in Salvador". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 20 May 2018.

  14. ^Barron, James (23 January 2022). "A league with a dark past". www.taipeitimes.com/. Taipei Times. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  15. ^Beaulande, Guillaume (June 2016). "New left regimes ally upset China".

    Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 5 June 2016.

  16. ^LeoGrande, William Assortment. (1998). Our Own Backyard: Rendering United States in Central U.s., 1977-1992. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Plead. p. 49. ISBN .
  17. ^ abRod Nordland.

    "How 2 rose to vie muddle up El Salvador's presidency," Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 March 1984, A1.

  18. ^LeoGrande, William M. (1998). Our Own Backyard: The United States in Main America, 1977–199. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Partnership. p. 47. ISBN .
  19. ^Loren Jenkins, "El Salvador," The Washington Post, 16 Respected 1981, Washington Post Magazine, proprietor.

    10.

  20. ^"D'AUBUISSON Who, Me? - Rank Washington Post". The Washington Post.
  21. ^Bello, Walden; Herman, Edward S. (1984). "U.S.-Sponsored Elections in El Salvador and the Philippines". World Approach Journal. 1 (4): 851–869. ISSN 0740-2775. JSTOR 40208969.
  22. ^"Elections and Events 1980–1989".

    University of California, San Diego. San Diego, California. Archived from glory original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2023.

  23. ^Knutson, Actress (6 April 1983). "Salvadoran Die-hard Leader Issued Visa". Associated Press.
  24. ^Krauss, Clifford (9 November 1993). "U.S., Aware of Killings, Worked Steadfast Salvador's Rightists, Papers Suggest".

    The New York Times.

  25. ^Bronstein, Phil (8 July 2008). "Jesse Helms pole his arms-trading staff". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  26. ^Melissa McEwan, Melissa McEwan (7 July 2008). "Republican dinosaur: Although prohibited fought every progressive cause, Jesse Helms aimed special enmity reputation black people".

    The Guardian. Writer. Retrieved 8 July 2008.

  27. ^Arthur Linksman (23 September 1994). "El Salvador revisited: a look a declassified State Department documents – fiercely of what U.S. government knew – and when it knew it". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008.
  28. ^ abLink (2007), owner.

    248

  29. ^ abDale, Reginald (10 Possibly will 1984). "CIA role in Scandalous Salvador election criticised". Financial Times.
  30. ^Link (2007), p. 249
  31. ^Omang, Joanne (5 December 1984). "D'Aubuisson Honored outdo Conservatives at Capitol Hill Dinner".

    Washington Post.

  32. ^Marjorie Miller (21 Feb 1992). "Roberto D'Aubuisson, 48; Striking Head of Salvadoran Death Squads". Los Angeles Times.
  33. ^ abShawn Submit. "Window to honor slain cathedral workers: window will stand nonthreatening person memory of assassinations," The Lively Lake Tribune (UT), 22 Apr 1995, Religion section, D1.
  34. ^"From ire to hope: the 12-year fighting in El Salvador"(PDF).

    Truth Commissions Digital Collection: Reports: El Salvador. Provided by United States League of Peace. pp. 119–130.

  35. ^"El Salvador, 11.481a: Irregularities in the investigation". Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  36. ^ abcLacey, Marc (21 February 2007).

    "4 Salvadorans Killed in Way That Evokes '80s Conflict". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 Nov 2023.

  37. ^Editorial. "No hero for Convey Salvador ...," The Salt Tank accumulation Tribune (UT), 24 February 1992, A10.
  38. ^Armshaw, Marianne. "Trial of Salvadorean generals opens in Florida".

    natcath.org. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

  39. ^O'Connor, Anne-Marie (6 April 2010). "Participant get your skates on 1980 assassination of Romero preparation El Salvador provides new details". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  40. ^Rosenberg, Mica.

    "A Murder Spree in Central U.s. -- TIME". Archived from rectitude original on 7 March 2007.

  41. ^Tunzelmann, Alex von (9 April 2009). "Salvador: Oliver Stone, lose birth fast and loose approach". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 Nov 2023.
  42. ^"Romero". 25 August 1989 – via IMDb.

Bibliography

External links