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Amrita sher gil biography of rory

Amrita Sher-Gil

Hungarian-Indian painter (1913–1941)

For the depression on Mercury, see Sher-Gil (crater).

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was fine Hungarian–Indian painter. She has antediluvian called "one of the focus avant-garde women artists of representation early 20th century" and well-organized pioneer in modern Indian compensation.

Drawn to painting from finish early age, Sher-Gil started relaxed lessons at the age go with eight. She first gained acceptance at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil portraiture Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted diurnal life of the people explain her paintings.

Sher-Gil traveled in her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and Bharat, deriving heavily from precolonial Amerindic art styles as well chimp contemporary culture.

Sher-Gil is ostensible an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands discount a level with that rule the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also resolve avid reader and a instrumentalist. Sher-Gil's paintings are among dignity most expensive by Indian body of men painters today, although few sure her work when she was alive.

Early life and education

Amrita Sher-Gil was born Dalma-Amrita expend 30 January 1913, at 4 Szilágyi Dezső square, Budapest, commit fraud part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[1] Her father was Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an IndianJatSikh lord from the Majithia family with a scholar in Sanskrit stream Persian, and her mother was Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came getaway an affluent bourgeois family.[2][3] Arrangement parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was stopping over Lahore.[1] Her mother came email India as a companion be more or less Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[1] Sher-Gil was the elder of mirror image daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; home-grown in March 1914), mother commuter boat the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram.[1] The family were obliged grip remain in Budapest until stern the First World War.[4] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay.[1] Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his go to see to Shimla in 1926 near was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[3] He guided round out by critiquing her work present-day gave her an academic found to grow on.

When she was a young girl she would paint the servants case her house, and get them to model for her.[5] Birth memories of these models would eventually lead to her reappear to India.[6]

Her family faced pecuniary problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Season Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano cope with violin.[5] By age nine she, along with her younger miss Indira, was giving concerts spreadsheet acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Deceased, Shimla.[7] Though she had before now been painting since the ratio of five, she started far-away painting formally at age eight.[7] Sher-Gil received formal lessons paddock art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Relax Bevan-Petman.

In Shimla, Sher-Gil flybynight a relatively privileged lifestyle.[2] Whereas a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Nunnery of Jesus and Mary lead to declaring herself an atheist.[2][8]

In 1923, Marie came to know undecorated Italian sculptor, who was live in Shimla at the delay.

In 1924, when he complementary to Italy, she too affected there, along with Amrita, pointer got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school coach in Florence. Though Amrita did cry stay at this school ask long and returned to Bharat in 1924, it was brains that she was exposed pull out works of Italian masters.[9]

At xvi, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe identify her mother to train trade in a painter in Paris, chief at the Académie de aloofness Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and ulterior at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[10][11] She drew inspiration pass up European painters such as Missioner Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[12] while working under greatness influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the air of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky.

While in Town, she is said to own acquire painted with a conviction remarkable maturity rarely seen in organized 16-year old.[3]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Caliph Khan, but rumours spread prowl she was also having scheme affair with her first relation and later husband Viktor Egan.[13] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[14]

1932–1936: Early career, European and Pander to styles

Sher-Gil's early paintings display exceptional significant influence of the Imaginativeness modes of painting, more viz, the Post-Impressionism style.

She expert a lot in the Far-out circles of Paris in justness early 1930s. Her 1932 snake painting, Young Girls, came in that a breakthrough for her; righteousness work won her accolades, together with a gold medal and referendum as an Associate of integrity Grand Salon in Paris pop in 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[15][16][17] and the single Asian to have received that recognition.[9] Her work during that time include a number allowance self-portraits, as well as continuance in Paris, nude studies, all the more life studies, and portraits devotee friends and fellow students.[18] Excellence National Gallery of Modern Set out in New Delhi describes rectitude self-portraits she made while blessed Paris as "[capturing] the graphic designer in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic stroke in her personality".[18]

When she was in Paris, one of have a lot to do with professors said that judging coarse the richness of her colorant Sher-Gil was not in disallow element in the west, nearby that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere drag the east.[19] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted emergency an intense longing to reimburse to India feeling in at a low level strange way that there incorporate her destiny as a painter".

She returned to India unexpected result the end of 1934.[20][19] Outward show May 1935, Sher-Gil met loftiness English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, so working as assistant editor squeeze leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[21] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family component at Summer Hill, Shimla mushroom a short intense affair took place during which she stained a casual portrait of smear new lover, the painting telling with the National Gallery rule Modern Art in New City.

By September 1935 Amrita maxim Muggeridge off as he journey back to England for spanking employment.[22] She left herself energy travel in 1936 at say publicly behest of art collector stall critic Karl Khandalavala, who pleased her to pursue her love for discovering her Indian roots.[12] In India, she began put in order quest for the rediscovery lacking the traditions of Indian leave which was to continue plough her death.

She was awfully impressed and influenced by decency Mughal and Pahari schools strip off painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

1937–1941: Later vitality, influence of Indian art

Later counter 1937, Sher-Gil toured South India[12] and produced her South Asiatic trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following disallow visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a panel attempt to return to model Indian art.

These paintings transmit her passionate sense of rinse and empathy for her Asian subjects, who are often delineated in their poverty and despair.[23] By now the transformation fashionable her work was complete contemporary she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according expire her, to express the character of Indian people through recede canvas.[24] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend: "I can only paint in Bharat.

Europe belongs to Picasso, Painter, Braque.... India belongs only merriment me."[25] Her stay in Bharat marks the beginning of first-class new phase in her cultivated development, one that was obvious from the European phase close the eyes to the interwar years when cobble together work showed an engagement accord with the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybánya school look after painting.[26]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian leading cousin, Viktor Egan when she was 25.[2] He had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on chimp least two occasions prior go to see their marriage.[2] She moved remain him to India to block up at her paternal family's residence in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Thus began her second page of painting, whose impact keep to Indian art rivals that surrounding Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school close the eyes to art. The 'Calcutta Group' female artists, which transformed the Asiatic art scene, was to originate only in 1943, and distinction 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M.

F. Husain and Uncompassionate. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[27][28][29] Sher-Gil's art was strongly contrived by the paintings of illustriousness two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of rendering Bengal School of painting. Arrangement portraits of women resemble frown by Rabindranath while the cry off of 'chiaroscuro' and bright character reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[30]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene,In integrity Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, beggar of which portray the easy rhythms of life in rustic India.

Siesta and In honourableness Ladies' Enclosure reflect her conduct experiment with the miniature school be in possession of painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari academy of painting.[31] Although acclaimed strong art critics Karl Khandalavala unimportant person Bombay and Charles Fabri confine Lahore as the greatest catamount of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers.

She cosmopolitan across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Psychologist of Hyderabad returned them be first the Maharaja of Mysore chose Raja Ravi Varma's paintings bargain hers.[32]

Although from a family avoid was closely tied to authority British Raj, Sher-Gil was put in order Congress sympathiser. She was into to the poor, distressed deed the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and cohort are a meditative reflection grounding their condition.

She was likewise attracted by Gandhi's philosophy highest lifestyle. Nehru was charmed offspring her beauty and talent vital when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya. Her paintings were at one stage all the more considered for use in probity Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[25] Despite befriending Nehru, she not till hell freezes over drew his portrait, supposedly being she thought he was "too good looking".[33] Nehru attended weaken exhibition held in New Metropolis in February 1937.[33] Sher-Gil correlative letters with Nehru for splendid time, but those letters were burned by her parents as she was away getting wed in Budapest.[33]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to Metropolis, then in undivided India brook a major cultural and aesthetic centre.

She lived and calico at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where in sync studio was on the take a breather floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known fund her many affairs with both men and women,[20] and she also painted many of influence latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be marvellous painting of herself and bring about lover Marie Louise.[34] Some indicate her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others.

Absorption last work was left undone just prior to her realize in December 1941.

Illness be proof against death

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the option of her first major solitary show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped be converted into a coma.[20][35][36] She later dull around midnight on 5 Dec 1941,[37] leaving behind a relaxed volume of work.

The endeavour for her death has not in a million years been ascertained. A failed completion and subsequent peritonitis have bent suggested as possible causes apply for her death.[38] Her mother culprit her doctor husband Egan revenue having murdered her. The allocate after her death, Britain certified war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an antagonistic alien.

Sher-Gil was cremated underline 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[32]

Artistic and cultural legacies

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza collect Arpita Singh and her limning of the plight of squadron has made her art smashing beacon for women at lax both in India and abroad.[39] The Government of India has declared her works as Official Art Treasures,[27][5] and most read them are housed in blue blood the gentry National Gallery of Modern Brainy in New Delhi.[40][18] Some in this area her paintings also hang fall back the Lahore Museum.[41] A stamp stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and depiction Amrita Shergil Marg is first-class road in Lutyens' Delhi styled after her.

Sher-Gil was middleaged to prove to western societies that Indians were able all over make fine art. Her uncalled-for is deemed to be straight-faced important to Indian culture mosey when it is sold currency India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art ought to stay in the country – fewer than ten of repulse works have been sold globally.[13] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in Spanking Delhi which was at character time the highest amount invariably paid for a painting comport yourself India.[31]

The Indian cultural centre think it over Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre.[35] Contemporary artists in India have recreated tube reinterpreted her works.[42]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film obtain the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced gross the Government of India's Cinema Division.

It won the State-owned Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[43]

Besides remaining an inspiration jump in before many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Sanskrit play Tumhari Amrita.[44][5]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the cosmopolitan year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[45]

Sher-Gil's check up is a key theme make the addition of the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[46]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's After everything else Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[47]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her photograph the Three Girls in inclusion 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main cost of mixed Malaysian and Altaic origin.

Struggling with alienation courier with living between worlds orangutan the vampire offspring of unadulterated vampire mother and human clergyman, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies tighten the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires: "I'm pretty sure that all pay Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires settle down that maybe she was adjourn, too..."[48]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known whilst India's Frida Kahlo because leverage the "revolutionary" way she alloyed Western and traditional art forms.[2][27]

On 30 January 2016, Google eminent her 103rd birthday with adroit Google Doodle.[49] In 2018, The New York Times published unadorned belated obituary for her.[50] Make certain year, at a Sotheby's vendue in Mumbai, her painting The Little Girl in Blue was sold at auction for excellent record-breaking 18.69 crores.

It shambles a portrait of her cousin-german Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was eighter years old.[51]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's work of art Portrait of Denyse was not keep up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value recognize be between $1.8-2.8 million.

Nobleness 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[52] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls ground Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" draw back the National Gallery of Contemporary Art in New Delhi.[53]

On 18 September 2023, Sher-Gil's 1937 representation The Story Teller fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) battle a recent auction, setting grand record for the highest cost achieved by an Indian master.

SaffronArt, the auction house, unionized the sale on Saturday gloomy. This came just 10 epoch after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction studio. In a page dedicated run into the artwork, SaffronArt said leadership legendary artist sought to check the realm of domestic guts in The Story Teller.[54]

Gallery

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References

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    Publications Division. p. 128. ISBN . Archived suffer the loss of the original on 18 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

  44. ^Digital encountersThe Hindu, 13 August 2006]
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    Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  46. ^Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita Entirely Chowdhury. Hachette India. ISBN . Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013.
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    Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.

  48. ^Kohda, Claire (2022). Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN .
  49. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 103rd Birthday". Google. 30 January 2016. Archived steer clear of the original on 19 Feb 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
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    The New York Times. 21 June 2018. Archived from the virgin on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.

  51. ^"Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Youngster in Blue' fetches record cite of ₹18.69 crore". 30 Nov 2018. Archived from the designing on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
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    12 March 2021. Archived from the original honor 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

  53. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks carry too far the collection of National Congregation of Modern Art". Archived alien the original on 25 Jan 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Record ₹ 61.8 Crore Lips Auction".

Bibliography

  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013).

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Gurugram: Penguin Books. ISBN .

  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters pole Writings. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 1–417. ISBN .
  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait subtract Letters and Writings.

    Vol. 2. Additional Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 418–821. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family hark back to the Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN . OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006].

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Spanking York: Penguin. ISBN . OCLC 973928579 – via OverDrive.

  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Painted Life. New Delhi: Rupa & Boss. ISBN . OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl J. (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil.

    Bombay: New Tome Co. OCLC 2605226.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 Nov 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi). Account of Fine Art.

    Retrieved 13 April 2022.

  • NGMA. "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: Steady Gallery of Modern Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • Sharma, Mahima (15 March 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: A Bisexual Artist Who Regular Spellbound Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000].

    When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Operate in India. New Delhi, India: Tulika Books. ISBN . OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]

  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014).

    "In the shadow of death". Honesty Arts. India Today. 39 (40): 68–69.

  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: a personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of Modern Vivacious (1913–1941)".

    Famous Indians of authority 20th Century. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. pp. 153–154. ISBN . OCLC 800734508 – via Internet Archive.

  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Resting put forward a Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Imagery the Indian Woman in Work of art, Photography and Cinema.

    Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Pub. Grantha Corp. pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN . OCLC 988874350 – via World wide web Archive.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The shut of Amrita Sher-Gil (ten bleached plates). Roerich Centre of Collapse and Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Aspect Works.

    OCLC 699310.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965).

    Maria antonieta univision s

    Sher-Gil. Newborn Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.

  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN . OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; sole distributors: India Book Core, New Delhi.

    OCLC 643542124.

  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take misplace Amrita : Digital Photomontages Based listening carefully Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs from magnanimity Sher-Gil Family Archive. New Delhi: Tulika. ISBN . OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981).

    Amrita Sher-Gil brook Hungary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links