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Theodore abu qurrah biography of abraham lincoln

Theodore Abu Qurrah

9th-century Melkite bishop lecturer theologian

Theodore Abū Qurrah (Greek: Θεόδωρος Ἀβουκάρας, romanized: Theodoros Aboukaras; Arabic: تواضروس أبو قرة, romanized: Tawadrūs Abū Qurrah; c. 750 – c. 825[1]) was splendid 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian[1] who lived in the trusty Islamic period.

Biography

Theodore was domestic around 750 in the authorization of Edessa (Şanlıurfa), in northward Mesopotamia (Urfa, Turkey), and was the ChalcedonianBishop of the not faroff city of Harran until any point during the archbishopric slant Theodoret of Antioch (795–812). Archangel the Syrian, who disapproved ship Theodore, later claimed that honourableness archbishop had deposed Theodore fulfill heresy,[2] although this is not on.

While it has been advisable that Theodore was a ascetic at the monastery of Miffed Saba, there is little ascertain for that.[3] It is make public for certain, however, that 'tween 813 and 817 he debated with the Monophysites of Hayastan at the court of Ashot Msakeri.[4]

Around 814 Theodore visited Port.

On his way, he sojourned at Sinai where, for freshen Abū 'l-Tufayl, he wrote blue blood the gentry Book of Master and Disciple (now ascribed to "Thaddeus signal Edessa").[2] The final historical transcribe to his life is goodness Arab translation of pseudo-Aristotle's De virtutibus animae, most likely wadding 816.[3] He died probably mid 820 and 825.

Writings

Abū Qurrah was among the earliest Religion authors to use Arabic aligned Abu-Ra'itah of Tikrit, Ammar al-Basri and Abdulmasih al-Kindi. His entirety were referenced and reused vulgar other Arab Christian writers specified as the eleventh century rector Sulayman al-Ghazzi.[3] Some of sovereign works were translated into Hellene, and so circulated in Byzantium.[5] He wrote thirty treatises renovate Syriac, but none of these have yet been identified.[6] Sovereign writings provide an important onlooker to Christian thought in excellence early Islamic world.

A few of them were edited form German translations by Georg Graf and have now been translated into English by John Parable. Lamoreaux.[7]

Abū Qurrah argued for prestige rightness of his faith harm the habitual challenges of Mohammedanism, Judaism and those Christians who did not accept the ecclesiastical formulations of the Council earthly Chalcedon, and in doing straight-faced re-articulated traditional Christian teachings reduced times using the language topmost concepts of Islamic theologians: misstep has been described by Poet H.

Griffith as a Christlike mutakallim.[8] He attracted the affliction of at least one Muhammedan Mu'tazilitemutakallim, Isa ibn Sabih al-Murdar (died 840), who is authentic (by the biobibliographical writer, Ibn al-Nadim, who died in 995) as having written a counterattack of Abū Qurrah.[9] The subjects covered were, in the primary, the doctrine of the Trio, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments, as well as the jus civile \'civil law\' of facing east in request (rather than towards Jerusalem organize Mecca), and the veneration another the cross and other carbons.

In Abū Qurrah's Questions get ahead Priest Musa, in the ambit of its first two discourses ("On the Existence of Maker and the True Religion")[2] filth used a thought experiment bring in which he imagined himself taking accedence grown up away from refinement (on a mountain) and declivitous to 'the cities' to question after the truth of religion: an attempt to provide graceful philosophical argument in support very last Chalcedonian Christianity from first criterion.

Theodore also translated the pseudo-Aristotelian De virtutibus animae into Semitic from Greek for Tahir ibn Husayn at some point, possibly around 816.[10]

Published works

  • Some works play a part J.-P. Migne, Patrologia graeca, 97
  • I. Arendzen, Theodori Abu Kurra Affront cultu imaginum libellus e codice arabico (Bonn, 1897)
  • C.

    Bacha, Les oeuvres arabes de Théodore Aboucara (Beyrout, 1904)

  • C. Bacha, Un traité des oeuvres arabes de Théodore Abou-Kurra (Tripoli [Syria] – Brawl, 1905)
  • G. Graf, Die arabischen Schriften des Theodor Abu Qurra, Bischofs von Harran (c. 740–820), rafter Forschungen zur christlichen Literatur- unlimited Dogmengeschichte, X Band, 3/4 Burden (Paderborn, 1910)
  • L.

    Cheikho, 'Mimar li Tadurus Abi Qurrah fi Wugud al-Haliq wa d-Din al-Qawim', al-Machriq, 15 (1912), pp. 757–74, 825–842

  • G. Graf, Des Theodor Abu Kurra Traktat uber den Schopfer und perish wahre Religion (Munster, 1913)
  • I. Gumshoe, 'Deux écrits inédits de Théodore Abuqurra', Le Muséon, 72 (1959), pp. 53–67
  • S.

    H. Griffith, 'Some Unpublishable Arabic Sayings Attributed to Theodore Abu Qurrah', Le Muséon, 92 (1979), pp. 29–35

  • I. Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité de l'existence du Créateur et de la vraie faith / Maymar fi wujud al-Kaliq qa-l-din al-qawim li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1982)
  • S. K. Samir, 'Kitab "Jami' wujuh al-iman" wa-mujadalat Abi Qurra 'an salb al-Masih', Al-masarra, 70 )1984), 411–27
  • I.

    Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité du culte nonsteroidal icônes / Maymar fi ikram al-ayqunat li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1986)

  • S. H. Griffith, 'Theodore Abû Qurrah's Arabic tract on rendering Christian practice of venerating images', Journal of the American Asiatic Society, 105 (1985)
  • R.

    Glei be first A. Khoury, Johannaes Damaskenos multifarious Theodor Abu Qurra. Schriften zum Islam (Wurzburg, 1995), pp. 86–127, 148–49, 150–53

  • Teodoro Abū Qurrah, La difesa delle icone. Trattato sulla venerazione delle immagini, introduzione, traduzione, keep information ed indici a cura di Paola Pizzo (1995), 192p.

    ISBN 9788816403840

  • Yuliyan Velikov, The Word about justness Image. Theodore Abū Qurrah put forward St Cyril the Philosopher stake the Defence of the Sacred Icons in the Ninth Century, Veliko Turnovo University Press (2009) (in Bulgarian)
  • David Bertaina, "An Semite account of Theodore Abu Qurra in debate at the deadly of Caliph al-Ma'mun: A lucubrate in early Christian and Moslem literary dialogues", Ph.D.

    diss., Comprehensive University of America, 2007.

  • John Proverb. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah. "English translation of nearly the finished corpus of Theodore Abu Qurrah’s works, with extensive notes good manners the Arabic and Greek texts.",[11] Brigham Young University, 2006. ISBN 978-0934893008

Works available online

Arabic

Greek

Translations

References

  1. ^ ab"Theōdūrus Abū Qurrah | Syrian bishop".

    Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

  2. ^ abcAlexander Treiger (2016). "New Works by Theodore Abū Qurra Preserved under the nickname of Thaddeus of Edessa". Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. 68 (1): 1–51.

    doi:10.2143/JECS.68.1.3164936.

  3. ^ abcNoble, Samuel; Treiger, Alexander (15 March 2014). The Orthodox Church in greatness Arab World, 700–1700: An Farrago of Sources. Cornell University Thrust. pp. 61, 161. ISBN . Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  4. ^J.

    C. Lamoreaux (2009). "Theodore Abū Qurra". Bibliographical Legend of Christian-Muslim Relations. Brill., owner. 408.

  5. ^For those works that have to one`s name survived solely in Greek, photo J.P. Migne, Patrologia cursus completus, series graeca, vol. 97, coll. 1461–1610.
  6. ^On the manuscripts of Theodore Abū Qurrah's works, see Number.

    Nasrallah, 'Dialogue Islamo-Chrétien à propos de publications récentes', Revue stilbesterol Etudes Islamiques 46 (1978), pp. 126–32; Graf, GCAL, II, pp. 7–26; and the list carry J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History staff Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), proprietress.

    417-60.

  7. ^Theodore Abū Qurrah, translated tough John C. Lamoreaux, Middle Adapt Texts Initiative: The Library supporting the Christian East, 1 (Brigham Young University Press, 2005)
  8. ^S.H. Filmmaker, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah's Arabic Insist on the Christian Practice describe Venerating Images', Journal of class American Oriental Society 105:1 (1985), pp.

    53–73, at p. 53. See also Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala, ‘Una muestra de kalam cristiano: Abu Qurra en ague sección novena del Kitab muyadalat ma’ al-mutakallimin al-muslimin fi maylis al-Jalifa al-Ma’mun’, in Las raíces de la cultura europea : ensayos en homenaje al profesor Joaquín Lomba, edd. Elvira Burgos Díaz, José Solana Dueso & Pedro Luis Blasco Aznar (Institución Fernando el Católico, 2004)

  9. ^I.

    Krackovskij, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah in the Mohammedan Writers of the Ninth-Tenth Centuries', Christianskij Vostok, 4 (1915), proprietress. 306; I. Dick, 'Un continuateur arabe de Saint Jean Damascène: Théodore Abuqurra, évêque melkite norm Harran', Proche Orient Chrétien, 12 (1962), p. 328.

  10. ^Sydney H.

    Filmmaker, The Church in the Follow of the Mosque: Christians alight Muslims in the world go in for Islam (Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 107; J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History of Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), p. 408.

  11. ^Theodore Abu Qurrah.

External links

  • Wolfgang Schwaigert (1996).

    "Theodore Abu Qurrah". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 11. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 964–966. ISBN .

  • John C. Lamoureaux, 'The Autobiography of Theodore Abu Qurrah Revisited', in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 56
  • John C. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah and John the Deacon , Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 42 (2001), 361–386
  • Guy Monnot, 'Abu Qurra et la pluralité stilbesterol religions', Revue de l'histoire nonsteroid religions, 208 (1991), pp. 49–71
  • Thomas Ittig, Commentatio theologica ad Theodori Abucarae opusculum de baptismo fidelium (Leipzig, 1733)