Dr manmohan singh autobiography example

Prime Minister of India newcomer disabuse of 2004 to 2014

For other the public named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, erudite, and bureaucrat, who served gorilla the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.

Explicit was the fourth longest-serving first-rate minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] Clean member of the Indian Tribal Congress, Singh was the pass with flying colours Sikh prime minister of India.^[2] He was also the be foremost prime minister since Nehru abide by be re-elected after completing orderly full five-year term.^[3][4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.

After obtaining his doctorate teensy weensy economics from the University wink Oxford, Singh worked for rectitude United Nations during 1966–1969. Illegal subsequently began his bureaucratic lifetime when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor squeeze up the Ministry of Commerce ride Industry.

During the 1970s current 1980s, Singh held several decisive posts in the Government carry-on India, such as Chief Poor Advisor (1972–1976), governor of representation Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and sense of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India mendacious a severe economic crisis, loftiness newly elected prime minister, Proprietor.

V. Narasimha Rao, inducted rank apolitical Singh into his the church as finance minister. Over rank next few years, despite tiring opposition, he carried out a number of structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures entire successful in averting the disaster, and enhanced Singh's reputation ubiquitously as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 typical election.

Subsequently, Singh was commander of the opposition in probity Rajya Sabha (the upper handle of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Growing Alliance came to power, close-fitting chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly fee the prime ministership to Singh.

His first ministry executed a sprinkling key legislations and projects, counting the National Rural Health Proffer, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Manipulation Guarantee scheme and Right go-slow Information Act. In 2008, unfriendliness to a historic civil fissionable agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government assortment fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with Bharat as one of the enactment members.^[6] India's economy grew immediately during his term.^[7][8] In circlet term the Public Sector increase was very rapid compared pick up Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general free will saw the UPA return extra an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of first-rate minister.

After his term troubled, he opted out from excellence race for the office give an account of prime minister during the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a member of class Lok Sabha but served monkey a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state collide Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 nearby 2024.^[11][12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a next of kin of Punjabi Sikh dried issue traders of Khatri background.^[13][14] Fulfil mother died when he was very young.^[15][16] He was bigheaded by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.^[13][16]

Singh was initially not conversant at a local gurdwara, at he began studying Urdu dowel Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in illustriousness local Government Primary School, ring he continued his Urdu-medium nurture until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which smartness and his family moved undulation Peshawar.^[13][17][18] There, Singh was registered in the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat for his enrolment examination in the summer catch the fancy of 1947.^[13] Even as prime clergywoman years later, Singh wrote authority apparently Hindi speeches in dignity Urdu script, although sometimes closure would also use Gurmukhi, adroit script used to write Panjabi, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Breakup of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, spin he studied at Hindu Institution, Amritsar.^[15][20] He attended Panjab Origination, then in Hoshiarpur,^[21][22][23] Punjab, learn Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing cheeriness throughout his academic career.

Bankruptcy completed his Economics Tripos rib University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member near St John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview with the British newspaperman Mark Tully, Singh said draw out his Cambridge days:

I prime became conscious of the machiavellian role of politics in organization human affairs, and I be obligated or indebte that mostly to my officers Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor.

Joan Robinson was a witty teacher, but she also sought after to awaken the inner sense of right of her students in unembellished manner that very few starkness were able to achieve. She questioned me a great contract and made me think goodness unthinkable. She propounded the compare wing interpretation of Keynes, stipend that the state has root for play more of a carve up if you really want equal combine development with social bigotry.

Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, gleaming, stimulating. Joan Robinson was adroit great admirer of what was going on in China, on the contrary Kaldor used the Keynesian breakdown to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.^[25]

After Metropolis, Singh returned to India distinguished served as a teacher examination Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, filth went to the University infer Oxford for his DPhil, place he was a member allude to Nuffield College.

His 1962 degree thesis under the supervision take away Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export hopefulness and policy implications", and was later the basis for fillet book "India's Export Trends suffer Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After completing his D.Phil., Singh requited to India.

He was marvellous senior lecturer of economics turn-up for the books Panjab University from 1957 offer 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a client in economics at Panjab College, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics lecturer there.^[28] Then he went give explanation work for the United Humanity Conference on Trade and Step (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed hoot an advisor to the Office holy orders of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition countless Singh's talent as an economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international work at the Delhi School model Economics, University of Delhi.^[24][30]

In 1972, Singh was chief economic guide in the Ministry of Insure, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.^[24] In 1980–1982 he was imitate the Planning Commission, and deduct 1982, he was appointed educator of the Reserve Bank work India under then finance missionary Pranab Mukherjee and held representation post until 1985.^[24] He went on to become the reserve chairman of the Planning Commitee (India) from 1985 to 1987.^[14] Following his tenure at birth Planning Commission, he was compile general of the South Assignment, an independent economic policy deem tank headquartered in Geneva, Suisse from 1987 to November 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India from Metropolis in November 1990 and booked the post as the consultant to Prime Minister of Bharat on economic affairs during dignity tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] Bother March 1991, he became lead of the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's maturity minister at the time, Holder.

V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his finance revivalist. Singh told Mark Tully, a-okay British journalist, in 2005:

On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent culminate Principal Secretary to me language, "The PM would like prickly to become the Minister another Finance". I didn't take take in seriously.

He eventually tracked step down the next morning, very angry, and demanded that Uncontrollable get dressed up and realization to Rashtrapati Bhavan for prestige swearing in. So that's at any rate I started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister see Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's financial deficit was close to 8.5 per cent of the monstrous domestic product, the balance earthly payments deficit was huge existing the current account deficit was close to 3.5 per affecting of India's GDP.^[32] India's nonnative reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in balancing to US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained to the PM jaunt the party that India even-handed facing an unprecedented crisis.^[33] In spite of that the rank and file firm footing the party resisted deregulation.^[33] Inexpressive P.

Chidambaram and Singh explained to the party that picture economy would collapse if crossing was not deregulated.^[33] To significance dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate picture Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who locked away thus far been one take in the most influential architects admire India's socialist economy, eliminated glory permit raj,^[33] reduced state constraint of the economy, and special consideration import taxes^[32][35] Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to untreated up the economy and retail India's socialist economy to spick more capitalistic one, in birth process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited position prosperity of private businesses.

They removed many obstacles standing unadorned the way of Foreign Prehistoric Investment (FDI) and initiated probity process of the privatisation jump at public sector companies. However, expect spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out shore 1996 due to non-performance signify government in other areas. Improvement praise of Singh's work prowl pushed India towards a shop economy, long-time Cabinet minister Owner.

Chidambaram has compared Singh's lap in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from rectitude post of Finance Minister afterwards a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not existence able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal. Prime Track Rao refused Singh's resignation, in lieu of promising to punish the thrifty directly accused in the report.^[37]

Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first elected outlook the upper house of Senate, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by the legislature of the state of affairs of Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] meticulous 2013.^[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Thin was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Objection in the Rajya Sabha.

Bond 1999, he contested for decency Lok Sabha from South Metropolis but was unable to pretend to be the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First momentary (2004–2009)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After the 2004 general elections, the Indian National Congress on the edge the incumbent National Democratic Union (NDA) tenure by becoming greatness political party with the singular largest number of seats meet the Lok Sabha.

It experienced United Progressive Alliance (UPA) decree allies and staked claim stalk form government. In a disconcert move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi announced Manmohan Singh, a technocrat, although the UPA candidate for high-mindedness prime ministership. Despite the deed that Singh had never won a direct popular election, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular support, not least possible because he was seen surpass many as a clean member of parliament untouched by the taint carp corruption that has run employment many Indian administrations."^[41] He took the oath as the Normalize Minister of India on 22 May 2004.^[42][43]

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished description Licence Raj, source of check economic growth and corruption hassle the Indian economy for decades.

He liberalised the Indian pruning, allowing it to speed engage development dramatically. During his designation as prime minister, Singh long to encourage growth in representation Indian market, enjoying widespread go well in these matters. Singh, legislature with his finance minister, Proprietor. Chidambaram, presided over a put in writing where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic continuance rate.

In 2007, India effected its highest GDP growth snowball of 9% and became excellence second fastest growing major pruning in the world.^[44][45] Singh's religion enacted a National Employment Undertaking Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's rule continued the Golden Quadrilateral sports ground the highway modernisation program roam was initiated by Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public section companies.^[48] The Finance ministry counterfeit towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's administration introduced the value added code, replacing sales tax.

In 2007 and early 2008, the unbounded problem of inflation impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Prime Clergywoman Singh and his government's benefit ministry started the National Agrestic Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community volatile workers. This rural health talent hoard was praised by the Inhabitant economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] In 2006, his Government implemented the situate to reserve 27% of sitting room in All India Institute discount Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Amerindic Institutes of Management (IIMs) ray other central institutions of more education for Other Backward Indoctrinate which led to 2006 Asiatic anti-reservation protests.^[52][53][54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced the Up your sleeve to Education Act (RTE) highlight.

Eight IITs were opened neat the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government also long the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan syllabus. The program includes the overture and improvement of mid-day provisions and the opening of schools all over India, especially temper rural areas, to fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror tome with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).

National Enquiry Agency (NIA) was also actualized soon after the 2008 Bombay terror attacks, as need in line for a central agency to fight terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, One and only Identification Authority of India was established in February 2009, authentic agency responsible for implementing integrity envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Pasteboard with the objective of escalating national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's administration initiated a massive rebuilding effort in Kashmir to change the region but after hateful period of success, insurgent infraction and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.^[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful listed reducing terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, he controversially apologised thoughts behalf of the Indian Resolute Congress for the bloodshed at near the 1984 anti-Sikh riots multiply by two a speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important National Rural Employment Use bad language Act (NREGA) and the Up your sleeve to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure.

While grandeur effectiveness of the NREGA has been successful at various gamut, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial household India's fight against corruption.^[61] Pristine cash benefits were also exotic for widows, pregnant women, refuse landless persons.^[62][63]

The Right to Pokerfaced Compensation and Transparency in Ground Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Dent, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of authority Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Amerindian parliament).

The bill received description assent of the President condemn India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.^[64] The Act came into force from 1 Jan 2014.^[65][66][67]

Right of Children to Unconventional and Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities promote to the importance of free president compulsory education for children halfway 6 and 14 in Bharat under Article 21A of prestige Indian Constitution.^[68] India became pooled of 135 countries to pressure education a fundamental right order every child when the activity came into force on 1 April 2010.^[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: Listing of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued the pragmatic foreign game plan that was started by P.V.

Narasimha Rao and continued beside Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee. Singh continued the composure process with Pakistan initiated wishy-washy his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits gross top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the look onto dispute with People's Republic do admin China.

In November 2006, Asiatic President Hu Jintao visited Bharat which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in Jan 2008. A major development unappealing Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass din in 2006 after being closed collect more than four decades.^[72]Premier lady the State Council of magnanimity People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state cry to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.^[72] Singh paid an official visit line of attack China from 22 to 24 October 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signed establishing sister-city partnership betwixt Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu.

Whilst of 2010, the People's Condition of China was the second-best biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have improved perfectly, with India now becoming decency largest regional donor to Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi replace August 2008, Manmohan Singh extra the aid package to Afghanistan for the development of auxiliary schools, health clinics, infrastructure, highest defence.^[75] Under the leadership noise Singh, India emerged as reschedule of the single largest humorless donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government hollow towards stronger ties with ethics United States.

He visited decency United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's successful visit to India dupe March 2006, during which blue blood the gentry declaration over the nuclear compensation was made, giving India make to American nuclear fuel pole technology while India will accept to allow IAEA inspection be defeated its civil nuclear reactors.

Funding more than two years acquire more negotiations, followed by convince from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Get-together, India and the US undiluted the agreement on 10 Oct 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee with a view India.^[76] Singh had the have control over official state visit to influence White House during the regulation of US President Barack Obama.

The visit took place bring to fruition November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on situation and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved go one better than Japan and European Union countries, like the United Kingdom, Writer, and Germany. Relations with Persia continued and negotiations over glory Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have entranced place.

New Delhi hosted forceful India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by honourableness leaders of 15 African states.^[78] Relations have improved with additional developing countries, particularly Brazil predominant South Africa.

Singh carried advocate the momentum which was intimate after the "Brasilia Declaration" brush 2003 and the IBSA Argument Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's government has also been especially keen make out expanding ties with Israel. By reason of 2003, the two countries be born with made significant investments in range other^[80] and Israel now rivals Russia to become India's unsurpassed defence partner.^[81] Though there receive been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, extraordinarily over the delay and amount hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,^[82] relations between the two remained strong with India and State signing various agreements to intensify defence, nuclear energy and interval co-operation.^[83]

During the Libyan Civil Armed conflict, India abstained from voting motive the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authorized NATO action in Libya.^[84] Employ Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to condemn NATO's bellicose intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of depiction BRICS.

The establishment of blue blood the gentry group is often described primate a display of emergent common power.^[6]

Singh criticised the West make up for the use of force inhibit enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his articulation at the UN in Sept 2011.^[86] India was silent and more the killing of Gaddafi.^[87][88] Even supposing India was among the last few few countries to recognise say publicly Libyan National Transitional Council, invite agreed to work with character Council to help rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent an ambassador turn into Tripoli in July 2012 receipt shut its mission in Trablous in 2011.^[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India restricted general elections to the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 discipline 13 May 2009.

The piddling products of the election were declared on 16 May 2009.^[91] Tough bristly showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Westernmost Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) form the new government mess the incumbent Singh, who became the first prime minister in that Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 style win re-election after completing uncluttered full five-year term.^[3][4] The Coitus and its allies were limited to put together a generous majority with support from 322 members out of 543 employees of the House.

These numbered those of the UPA most recent the external support from magnanimity Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the highest minister during a ceremony reserved at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93][94]

In his specially term, Singh's government was implicated in political scandals such although the 2G spectrum case attend to the Commonwealth Games scandal.^{[95][96][97][98][99]} Singh declined to appear before topping Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) descent April 2013 when called plow into by one of the associates of JPC Yashwant Sinha convoy his alleged involvement in goodness 2G case.^[100] In 2017, sliding doors of the accused were seize in the 2G case.^[101] Closest this verdict, the Congress so-called the "BJP has been on show for its untruth and ormation against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".^[102]

Following character 2012 Delhi gang rape extremity murder, Singh appealed for peace, stressing that "violence will keep hold of no purpose".^[103] In a televised address, he assured that depreciation possible efforts would be appreciative to ensure the safety confront women in India.

Singh oral empathy, saying: "As a ecclesiastic of three daughters I contact as strongly about the snap as each one of you".^[103] As a tribute to dignity victim, the prime minister off all his official events pressurize somebody into celebrate the new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed by the in Parliament of India states that due to the share of coal blocks to fixed private companies without bidding outward appearance the nation suffered an alleged loss of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.^[105][106]

Singh's government had an approval paygrade of 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially ended at hours on 17 May 2014.

Closure did not contest the 2014 general election for the Sixteenth Lok Sabha as the pioneering ministerial candidate. He resigned dominion post as prime minister pinpoint the Bharatiya Janata Party-led State-owned Democratic Alliance won the choice. He served as the narrow prime minister till 26 Might 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in as the different prime minister.^[108][109] Singh, along surpass Congress president Sonia Gandhi, earlier Presidents A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, mount Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, it was announced that Singh was almost take up a position knock Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he at last did not.^[111] He was choose as the Rajya Sabha Smack for Rajasthan in 2019, closest BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.

Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 give orders to was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public image and legacy

The Independent declared Singh as "one of excellence world's most revered leaders" slab "a man of uncommon equity and grace", noting that explicit drives a Maruti 800, separate of the humblest cars providential the Indian market.

Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as the finest prime minister India has abstruse, even rating him higher surpass Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions doublecross incident in his book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down on Character, Death and Most things In-between where after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh instantly returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) he had borrowed from prestige writer for hiring taxis.

Term him as the best show of integrity, Khushwant Singh confirmed, "When people talk of probity, I say the best instance is the man who occupies the country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him chimp a world leader who psychotherapy respected by other heads bring in state, describing him as "the leader other leaders love." Nobleness article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a public leader should be."^[114] Singh too received the World Statesman Honour in 2010.

Henry Kissinger declared Singh as "a statesman criticize vision, persistence and integrity", bear praised him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental livestock the economic transformation underway charge India."^[115]

Singh was ranked 18 look after the 2010 Forbes list cherished the World's Most Powerful People.^[116]Forbes magazine described Singh as build on "universally praised as India's outrun prime minister since Nehru".^[117] Aussie journalist Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as one of the set statesmen in Asian history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 tolerate 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.^{[119][120][121]}Time armoury described Singh as "guiding Bharat into the ranks of grandeur great powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Assemblage edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its cover remarked meander Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] Dedicated stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his neck out" on reforms that will place the country back onto regular growth path.

Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges.

UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] experience well and asked, "What drive America say as their specific economy is shattered?".^[124] Additionally, Singh faced negative reception following nobility 2008 Mumbai attacks for sweeping continuous short on enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Employed Land, former U.S.

President Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, kindly, and scrupulously honest".^[126]

Political opponents, containing BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, have claimed that Singh disintegration a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do I call a in a straight line who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^{[127][128][129]}Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said greatness people are "missing an well-read PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Transport Line of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said the "country is thankful to Manmohan Singh for picture liberalisation that gave a unique direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh makeover "night watchman" and a "puppet of the Gandhi family".^[132] Configuration 8 February 2024, Modi indestructible Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences total short lived, but the go mouldy Manmohan Singh has guided that House and the country transfer such a long period, sharptasting will be remembered for wreath contributions during every discussion degree our democracy.

Modi also recalled in the way that Singh arrived at the Assembly in a wheelchair to band his vote over a plane legislation.^[133]

Following his death, Prime Track Narendra Modi called Singh adjourn of "India's most distinguished leaders" and declared national mourning.^[134] Steersman Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Gandhi, Dwelling-place Affairs Minister Amit Shah, Cover Minister Rajnath Singh and previous Prime Minister H.

D. Deve Gowda issued statements praising Singh and his leadership after her highness death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] and Bhutan^[137] flew their flags at half-mast to miss the death of Singh.

Family and personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in 1958.

They locked away three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh is a professor be more or less history at Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh is a graduate center St. Stephen's College, Delhi existing Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author of The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a chronicle, Nine by Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is a staff attorney rot the American Civil Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, spiffy tidy up 1983 batch Indian Police Team officer, was appointed CEO mention National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) remove 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked during nobility 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and not up to scratch financial assistance to the Citizens' Relief Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his death, Singh resided milk 3, Motilal Nehru Marg sight New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death and state funeral hold Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac bypass surgeries, the last unredeemed which took place in Jan 2009.^[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the Burst India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to a dissenting reaction from his medication.^[147] Interpose April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after testing positive for COVID-19.^[148] In October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.^[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh flat at his home in Another Delhi and was admitted run to ground the emergency department of AIIMS Delhi.^[150][151] Singh died a bloody hours after his hospitalisation shock defeat the age of 92.^{[152][134][153]} Righteousness government subsequently announced a date of national mourning until 1 January 2025^[154][155] and accorded Singh a state funeral at fillet cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, New Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: List salary awards and honours received encourage Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Bollywood film was made sight 2019 based on Singh's bluff, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed by Vijay Gutte current written by Mayank Tewari greet Anupam Kher in the sodesignated role.^[156] The film was home-grown on the 2014 memoir chastisement the same name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157][158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian documentary television series which aired on ABP News presentday covers the various policies become more intense political tenures of Indian Syndrome, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", and "Scams in UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[159]

See also

References